Limited electricity networks and fuel access are problems in water supply, especially in remote areas. Implementing solar power for the pumping system is one solution to this problem. Installation of Solar Water Pumping Systems (SWPS) for remote areas is very beneficial from the triple bottom lines perspective of social, economic, and environmental. However, SWPSs cannot be utilized optimally and can experience problems and system failures if they do not follow procedures and best practices. Thus, standards and policies are needed. The development of quality parameters encountered problems due to the lack of information on the needs of stakeholders and the incomplete coverage of the required aspects. The barrier could lead to a long standard development process in reaching a consensus. This research aims to develop a framework for developing SWPS standards as stand-alone water pumping installations utilizing renewable energy for remote areas in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a Framework for Analysis, comparison, and Testing of Standards (FACTS). FACTS uses four main stages: stakeholder analysis, technical analysis, comparison with international standard parameters, and testing proposed quality parameters. This framework provides additional information on formalism and structure so that standards development applies to all stakeholders. The FACTS approach is commonly used in the standardization process, especially in its preparation. The result is a framework for preparing SWPS standard(s), so they can be advanced effectively throughout the stages of standard development.

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<p align="left"> </p><p><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Abstrak </span></strong></p><p>Negara-negara ASEAN telah menyepakati satu komitmen bersama bahwa pada tahun 2015 di kawasan negara ASEAN akan diberlakukan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA). Standar dan penilaian kesesuaian sangat penting dalam mendukung pelaksanaan MEA 2015 untuk mengurangi hambatan perdagangan yang tidak diperlukan dalam membangun pasar tunggal. Dengan demikian identifikasi kesiapan Lembaga Penilaian Kesesuaian (LPK) yang terakreditasi KAN di Indonesia dalam menilai kesesuaian dengan acuan standar internasional yang disepakati dalam sektor prioritas MEA perlu dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan data-data sekunder berupa daftar Laboratorium Pengujian (LP) dan Lembaga Sertifikasi Produk (LSPro) beserta lingkupnya dari Komite Akreditasi Nasional (KAN) (data per Maret 2013), sedangkan verifikasi lapangan kepada LPK menggunakan kuisioner. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah kesiapan LPK yang telah diakreditasi KAN untuk menilai kesesuaian produk dengan acuan<em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">ASEAN Agreed Version Standard </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(AAS) adalah sejumlah 36 standar (dengan kategori LP tersedia dan dapat melakukan uji full parameter; LSPro tersedia) ditambah dengan 6 standar (dengan kategori LP tersedia dan dapat melakukan uji full parameter; LSPro tidak tersedia) atau 19,4% dari AAS. Rendahnya jumlah AAS yang dapat dijalankan diindikasikan bersumber dari rendahnya pengetahuan LPK tentang AAS, tentang </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Mutual Recognition Arrangement </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(MRA) dan skema </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Listed Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs)</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">di ASEAN, dan juga regulasi yang belum mendukung sepenuhnya pemberlakuan MEA. Rencana penambahan lingkup pada LPK juga masih difokuskan pada penerapan SNI yang diberlakukan wajib. </span></p><p> </p><strong><strong></strong></strong><p>Kata kunci<strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">MEA, kesiapan LPK, ASEAN Agreed Version Standards</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><strong><em></em></strong></strong></p><p>Abstract</p><strong><em></em></strong><p>The ASEAN countries have agreed a common commitment that by 2015 the ASEAN region will apply the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). Standards and conformity assessment are very important to support the implementation of the AEC 2015 to reduce trade barriers and to establish single market. Thus, identification of Conformity Assessment Bodiy (CAB) readiness in Indonesia that accredited by KAN, in assessing conformity by referring to agreed international standards in AEC priority sectors needs to be carried out. A descriptive, quantitative method is used with secondary data of testing laboratories and product certification bodies and their scopes was taken from the National Accreditation Committee (data per March 2013), while field verification to the CABs was done by using questionnaires. The conclusion obtained is readiness of CABs that accredited by KAN to assess products conformity by referring to ASEAN Agreed Version Standard<span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(AAS) </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">are as many as 36 standards (category: LP available and can perform full test; LSPro available) plus 6 standards (category: LP available and can perform full test; LSPro not available) or 19.4% of the AAS. The low number of AAS that can be carried out is indicated sourced from lack of knowledge about AAS within the CABs, about Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) and Listed CABs scheme in ASEAN, and regulations that have not fully supported the implementation of the AEC as well. Plan to develop the scope in CABs is still focused on implementation of SNIs that are enforced mandatory. </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Keywords: </span></strong></span></strong></em><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">MEA, CAB readiness, ASEAN Agreed Version Standards. </span></em></p><p> </p>

The density of adsorbent bed significantly contributed to solar cooling performance (COP). The density determines how well the heat and mass transfer are. Besides that, the COP is also determined by ambient temperature. This research aims to investigate the affect of temperature of a connecting pipe, as a representative of different ambient temperature against a solar cooling machine performance. The experiment will show in what condition a solar cooling is going to have a better cooling result. The data used in this case was taken experimentally and conducted using a solar cooling machine equipped with temperature measurement units such as thermocouple logger. For cold ambient temperature, in adsorption process, refrigerant vapour flows to the generator through the connecting pipe cooled by water and kept steady. The results show that the COP, heat and mass transfer of adsorbent bed of the system in the adsorption process on a warm condition are better than in a cold environment. In the warm condition the COP system is 0.24, the heat transfer rate is 0.06 °C/minute, and the mass transfer rate is 1.09 ml/minute. Whereas, in the cold condition the COP system is 0.23, the heat transfer rate is 0.05 °C/minute, and the mass transfer rate is 1.04 ml/minute.

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