Objectives Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and aging. The present study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and body composition in elderly women. Methods & Materials This was a quasi-experimental study. The study participants were selected by convenience sampling method. In total, 21 subjects with the age range of 60-70 years were assigned into 2 groups (experimental [n=11] and control [n=10]). The 8-week aerobic training program were demonstrated 3 sessions a week, for 45-60 minutes per session, with the intensity of 50% to 70% of maximum heart rate. The blood samples were obtained 24 hours after the intervention to measure the serum levels of 8-OHdG. For comparison of within and between group mean scores, Paired t test and Independent samples t test were used, respectively. Results Eight weeks aerobic training significantly reduced the weight, BMI and body fat percentage in elderly women. Moreover, the levels of serum 8-OHdG after an 8 weeks aerobic training significantly reduced. However, the levels of 8-OHdG urine reduced at the end of the training, but it was non-significant. There were significant differences between active and inactive elderly woman in terms of weight and serum 8-OHdG variables. Conclusion This study suggests that aerobic training decreases serum 8-OHdG. Regular aerobic physical activity with moderate intensity improves the body anti-oxidative capacity and can prevent the incidence of atherosclerosis disease.

Physical condition and posture are related to bio-psychological health. Overweight in the children is also associated with musculoskeletal deformities. The current study aimed to compare the effect of conducting an 8-week of selected football activities and corrective exercises on postural deformities, the factors of physical readiness, and body composition in three male groups, including children, teenagers, and youth. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 male students were selected through stratified simple random sampling method and divided into the groups of children (n=20, Mean±SD age=12.25±0.78 y), teenagers (n=20, Mean±SD age=14.30±0.65 y), and youth (n=20, Mean±SD age=16.40±0.50 y). Using a chessboard, flexible ruler and the New York test, the subjects' personal characteristics were investigated. The program of selected exercises included an 8 weeks of three sessions of 45-60 minutes with an intensity of 60% to 70% of the heart rate reserve. To compare the intragroup and intergroup mean scores, Student's t-test and the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Results: The obtained results suggested that body weight, waist, and hip circumference significantly decreased in all three groups. However, body mass index significantly decreased in children and youth. Physical readiness, cardiorespiratory endurance, anaerobic power, agility, muscular endurance, and muscular strength were statistically significant in all groups. Speed significantly improved in children and teenagers. Postural deformities, forward head posture, kyphosis, lordosis, and Genu Varum improved in all study groups. Conclusion: An eight weeks of selected football activities and corrective exercises improved the performance of physical motor fitness, body composition, and postural deformities in all study groups.

Background: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as the two major consequences of metabolic syndrome, can lead to some complications, like fatty liver disease. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolic syndrome and body composition in fasting and non-fasting male students. Methods: This was an outcome research with a quasi-experimental design. A total of 29 male students were selected by convenience sampling method. Those who intended to fast were placed in one group (n=15) and other students in the non-fasting group (n=14). The serum levels of biochemical and hematological factors and atherogenic indexes were measured three days before the fasting month and after Ramadan. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: The present study results suggested that weight (79.96±5.32 vs. 79.16±5.43 kg; P=0.001), body mass index (25.03±2.33 vs. 24.78±2.36 kg/m2; P=0.001), waist circumference (104.86±4.18 vs. 101.86±5.28 cm; P=0.001), hip circumference (96.33±6.58 vs. 95.42±6.14 cm; P=0.002), waist to hip ratio (1.09±0.06 vs. 1.07±0.07 cm; P=0.008), fasting blood glucose (86.46±4.74 vs. 79.93±7.54 mg/dL; P= 0.002), insulin (12.95±6.96 vs. 9.65±4.57 mg/dL; P=0.03), insulin resistance (49.74±2.70 vs. 33.89±1.49; P=0.001), and Triglyceride (TG) levels (75.00±15.15 vs. 67.93±16.26 mg/dL; P=0.03 ) have decreased significantly at the end of fasting period. The HDL-C levels (38.66±4.09 vs. 42.46±5.19 mg/dL; P= 0.004) significantly increased in the fasting group. Conclusion: According to the obtained data, fasting led to some alternations in body composition and serum insulin, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. Therefore, to benefit from this holy month, it is crucial for male nursing students to include nutrients in their diet during Ramadan.

Background: Renal failure is strongly associated with serum osmolarity and changes in electrolytes and some blood metabolites. Because fasting is often associated with Ramadan, especially during the warm months of the year, there is a concern that renal function may be affected. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the effect of one month of fasting on electrolytes, serum osmolarity and body composition in fasting and non-fasting students. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy males (age 21.20 ± 1.69 years and body mass index 25.03 ± 2.11 kg/m2) were divided into two groups: fasting (n = 15) and non-fasting (n = 14). All measurements such as electrolytes index, serum osmolarity and body composition were collected before and after the fasting month. Data were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA to compare within and between groups. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Within-group variations were changed BMI, WHR, hip circumference, and waist circumference. Fasting glucose levels were significantly decreased at the end of the fasting period (P < 0.05). Fasting urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, osmolarity increased significantly in the fasting group but no significant change was observed in serum albumin levels. Conclusions: According to this result, fasting during Ramadan leads to an increase in osmolarity and serum electrolytes and a decrease in body composition. However, the use of healthy eating principles during Ramadan can help minimize these changes.

Purpose: Several studies have been done on the effects of fasting on human health indicating the beneficial effects of fasting on weight control, lipid metabolism, and lowering blood pressure in healthy people. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Ramadan fasting on apolipoproteins A and B (Apo A and Apo B) and the atherogenic index of the fasting and nonfasting students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 29 men aged 20-25 years. The samples were divided into the fasting (n=15) and non-fasting (n=14) groups. Serum levels of apolipoproteins A and B, biochemical-hematological factors, and atherogenic index were measured three days before the fasting month and after Ramadan. The inter-group and intragroup comparison was performed using student's t-test, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between the groups. Results: In the fasting group, a significant reduction was observed in Apo B, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein to high-density, and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. However, the Apo A (P=0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (P=0.004) significantly increased after the intervention. The Atherogenic index, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count significantly decreased in the fasting group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, fasting during Ramadan could improve the biochemical and hematological factors. Therefore, it is recommended to use some biochemical and hematological indices to compare the effects of fasting to improve in of students these parameters.