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Residual antibiotics pollution has become one of the most severe environmental problems today.  Antibiotics from hospitals and drug factories represent a potential risk for human and ecological health. Therefore, it has been a high exigency to develop some efficient and cost-effective treatment methods and technologies for antibiotics removal from industrial and household contaminated water. Adsorption is one of the most utilised techniques and has many competitive advantages such as the unique properties of flexibility, effectiveness, superior performance and the robustness for consecutive cycles. The present research concerns the adsorption of two frequently used fluoroquinolone antibiotics - moxifloxacin and norfloxacin on natural zeolite - clinoptilolite and its acid-modified form from aqueous solutions. For the first time, the adsorption of the antibiotics mentioned above on the selected natural zeolite was investigated under static and dynamic conditions. Adsorption experiment under dynamic conditions carried out using the specially constructed dynamic type of laboratory equipment. The effect of the inlet concentration, the flow rate and the pH value of the antibiotic solution, also, the contact time of system zeolite/antibiotic solution on the adsorption process were examined and evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The results showed that the highest static adsorption capacities were observed at low initial concentration - 0.2 mg/mL of antibiotic solution for both adsorbents; the highest dynamic adsorption capacities - at low flow rate - 1.5 mg/mL and low inlet concentration - 0.2 mg/mL of antibiotic solution for both adsorbents. The static adsorption capacity was up to 2.71 mg/g for moxifloxacin hydrochloride; 4.14 mg/g for norfloxacin and the dynamic adsorption capacity was up to 1.20 mg/g for moxifloxacin hydrochloride; 2.10 mg/g for norfloxacin at a neutral pH value and constant temperature of 200°C. Each antibiotic was determined quantitatively in sample solutions using the developed and validated HPLC methods with a limit of quantitation - 0.05 µg/mL. Hence, this study demonstrates and proves that natural zeolite could be an effective adsorbent for the removal of the selected antibiotics from wastewaters.

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The present research concerns the possibility of adsorptive removal of the frequently used antibiotics – moxifloxacin and norfloxacin on natural zeolites – mordenite and its acid-modified form from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of the above-mentioned antibiotics on the selected natural zeolite samples was investigated under static and dynamic conditions. Adsorption experiment under dynamic conditions carried out using the specially constructed dynamic type of laboratory equipment. Based on the data of chemical, IR spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction analyses, it has shown that when the zeolite adsorbent is treated with an acid, an equivalent exchange of extra framework cations for a hydrogen ion and dealumination occurs and silanol groups are formed at the same time. The increase in the adsorption activity of mordenite as a result of its treatment with acid is associated with an increase in the pore size due to the unblocking of the adsorbent aluminosilicate framework channels during dealumination.