Bortezomib or rituximab, added to standard treatment, did not significantly improve kidney graft survival and was also not associated with significant side effects, except cytopenia in some cases. Treatment of acute ABMR resulted in better graft survival than chronic ABMR.
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Objective: In severe resistant hypertension, a generalised atherosclerosis with high arterial stiffness present significant challenge for clinicians to obtain the realistic non-invasive blood pressure measurements and adjust antihypertensive treatment successfully. Design and method: Several patients with generalised atherosclerosis and severe resistant hypertension of the renovascular and renoparenchymal aetiology were referred to our Excellence centre. After performing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and testing for non-compliance, often we still don’t reach target blood pressure. Due to generally expressed atherosclerosis, daily oscillometer technique could not be reliable in these set of patients. Invasive arterial blood pressure measurements via intra-arterial radial line were recorded for 24-hours and the consecutive non-invasive blood pressure was measured on the ipsilateral arm by oscillatory method. Results: In 3 patients, hypertension was renovascular and renoparenchymal (serum creatinine 134–219 micromol/l, oGF CDK-EPI 47 ml/min). The blood pressure values obtained by oscillatory method ranged from 170/100 mmHg to 230/120 mmHg. Generalised atherosclerosis with obstructive coronary and carotid artery disease, stenosis of iliac arteries, a hemodynamically important renal artery stenosis and subclavian artery stenosis was present in all 3 patients; one had comorbid periaortitis. Two patients were treated with six and one with five antihypertensives in maximum doses, at least one being a diuretic, and with at least one antihypertensive drug exceeding maximum dose. The difference in blood pressure measurements by the invasive vs. non-invasive method ranged from -20/10 mmHg to -50/30 mmHg. In 2 patients, marked blood pressure elevations (+40/20 mmHg) were triggered by elevated sympathycotonus. At discharge, doses of antihypertensive drugs could be lowered or stayed in the same range and a short-acting anxiolytic was added. Conclusions: In patients with severe resistant hypertension and generalised atherosclerosis, after excluding non-adherence, invasive blood pressure technique could be helpful in determining the relative difference to non-invasive measurements and safely adjusting antihypertensive therapy.