Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) in root coverage procedures as an adjunct to coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure.Materials and Methods:This was a randomized clinical trial with split mouth design, where 10 patients with 20 sites of Millers Class I recession were treated and followed-up for a period of 6 months. CAF procedure was performed, HA was applied onto the experimental sites before suturing the flap. Recession depth (RD) was measured regularly at baseline 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were also measured along with RD at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks.Results:There was a significant change in RD, PPD, CAL, and percentage of root coverage in both groups when compared to the baseline values. There was no statistically significant difference between experimental and control group in terms of RD (P = 0.917), PPD (P = 0.917) and CAL (P = 0.761). RD was 3.2 mm ± 0.78 mm in experimental site and control sites 2.9 mm ± 0.73 mm reduced to 1.1 mm ± 0.99 mm in experimental sites and 1.0 mm ± 0.66 mm in control sites. Though, there is no statistically significant difference root coverage in the experimental group appeared to be clinically more stable compared with the control group after 24 weeks.Conclusions:This study suggests that use of HA may improve the clinical outcome of root coverage with CAF procedure.

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological effects of the local and sub-gingival application of a hyaluronan gel on scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of moderate generalized chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:In this split mouth study, 72 teeth in 18 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis with moderate severity were chosen for the study. Plaque samples were obtained by paper points at required intervals. Contra-lateral pairs of premolars and canine teeth in the maxilla or the mandible were selected to receive test treatment or serve as controls. Experimental jaw quadrants received sub-gingival administration of 0.2-ml 0.8% hyaluronan gel into selected sites following SRP and 1-week later. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1st, 4th, and 12th week. Colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter were assessed at baseline, after SRP and after 2 weeks of drug insertion Student t-test and repeated measure ANOVA (RMANOVA) were used in this study. RMANOVA was used to find the significance in bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) and t-test for probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results:The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in BOP (P < 0.001) PI (P < 0.001), PPD (P < 0.001) and CAL (P < 0.001) were also observed in experimental jaw quadrant following SRP and insertion of 0.8% hyaluronan when compared with the control group. A statistically significant reduction of CFUs was also found (P < 0.001) in the experimental site when compared with the control site.Conclusion:Sub-gingival placement of 0.2-ml of 0.8% hyaluronan along with SRP resulted in a significant improvement in both clinical and microbiological parameters when compared with the control site.

Aim:To assess the role of periodontal health in oral malodor causation and compare the two methods (organoleptic and Halimeter) of malodor measurement.Materials and Methods:A total of 240 subjects (60 subjects without any evidence of periodontal disease and 180 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis) were evaluated for periodontal and oral malodor parameters. Periodontal parameters included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), mSBI, calculus component of OHIS, pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), and oral malodor was assessed by organoleptic scores, Halimeter readings, and Tongue Coating Index (TCI).Results:80% of the sample when assessed organoleptically (i.e. 192 subjects) and 74.6% when assessed with Halimeter (i.e. 179 subjects) presented with varying degrees of halitosis. All the clinical parameters were significantly associated with oral malodor (P < 0.001). The amount of tongue coating and bleeding on probing played the most important role in increasing VSC concentration, followed by periodontal status, plaque indices, and calculus component.Conclusion:There was a high prevalence of halitosis in the present study population. All the clinical parameters were significantly related to oral malodor in this study, and the results indicate that determining VSC levels with Halimeter is a useful means of diagnosing halitosis objectively.

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In the overall scheme of disease prevention, oral health is often overlooked. Oral health plays an important role in an individual's overall health. More than 90 percent of all systemic diseases have oral manifestations. Many diseases can be diagnosed in their early stages through an oral examination. Oral diseases and conditions may have a significant impact on general health; some poor general health conditions also may affect oral health status. The oral cavity is a portal of entry as well as the site of disease for microbial infections that affect general health status. Oral diseases affecting children include dental caries, early childhood caries (baby bottle tooth decay), periodontal diseases, other soft tissue diseases, congenital malformations and oral and facial injuries incurred through sports activities and child abuse. Although these may not be life threatening, yet they cause lot of morbidity, psychological stress and their treatment is expensive. Most oral diseases and injuries can be prevented by the proper and timely use of scientifically based and widely accepted preventive and educational regimens and interventions. Overall, dental and oral health care in India is not in optimal condition. There is, therefore, an urgent need to prevent the rising dental diseases in India.