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Aim : Methodology :Results : Interpretation :Mobile towers and high voltage power transmission towers are ubiquitous in the developed world and in urban areas of many developing countries. The present study was undertaken to monitor relative abundance of avian species in relation to mobile towers and high voltage power transmission towers.Point count method was used for the survey. The observations were recorded from January to December 2014 at selected eleven sites ., five in relation to mobile towers; five with respect to high voltage power transmission towers and one control site, respectively, at the campus of Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana.Species richness of 20, 27 and 36 bird species were observed at the selected sites near mobile towers, near high voltage power transmission towers and control site, respectively. The breeding success of Common Myna was 88.11 % in the artificial nests installed near mobile towers. Breeding success of 96.25 % and 83.33 % was recorded by Common Myna and Spotted Owlet in the artificial nests installed near high voltage power transmission towers. The breeding success of Common Myna and Spotted Owlet was 100.0% and 87.5% in artificial nests installed at control site.Preliminary findings of this study revealed that there was low bird abundance and breeding success near mobile towers and high voltage power transmission towers as compared to control site. It may be possible due to the clandestine effect of electromagnetic radiations along with the other unforeseen factors.i.e

Punjab is an agrarian state nurtured by the river Beas and Satluj with a maximum gross cropped area of 98.5% in India. River Beas had been designated as "Conservation Reserve" in 2017 and "Ramsar site" in 2019. Agriculture affects 87% of the globally threatened bird species. Birds are the most noticeable and specialized species in the river habitats; hence the abundance and distribution of birds are often readily interpreted in the context of river health and vice versa. The chapter has been designed to understand the impact of agriculture, urbanization, tree diversity and wetlands along the river on avian diversity based on literature available for the state of Punjab. The chapter aims to generate sustainable management strategies for the conservation of avian diversity at Beas river conservation reserve without hampering the development of the region. The present work reveals that agriculture intensification and urbanization are major concern for avian diversity conservation as both these factors negatively impacts the habitat specialist bird species and favors generalist and insectivore species. The study concludes that significant number of species recorded have specific niche area requirements that are completed by the river's sub-habitats including feeding, foraging, roosting and nesting therefore the whole area needs protection as a single unit.

Authors' Contribution TKK and RKA planned this research and designed the experiment. GSS and SKS performed field survey, identified the birds and vegetation, population census. SKS and GSS wrote the research paper with the help of TKK and RKA.

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