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Introduction: Pregnancy is a very important event from both social and medical points of view. Therefore, pregnant women should receive special care and attention from the family, community and from the health care system. Antenatal care is a key entry point for pregnant women to receive a broad range of health promotion and preventive health services. Thus, the objective was to assess timing of first antenatal care visit and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Halaba Kulito Town governmental health institutions, Halaba Special districts. Methods and materials:Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March 18-April 16, 2015. Systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A total of 249 women were participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire; entered in and cleaned using SPSS version 20. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out and independent variables which have effect on the outcome variable were determined at 95% confidence interval with p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant variables. Result:The study indicated that 27.1% of the respondents started antenatal care follow up timely (≤12 weeks). The median duration of pregnancy at first antenatal care visit was 4.3 month (18.3 weeks). Mothers whose age 26 and below(COR 4.04,95% CI: 1.51, 5.50), previous antenatal care use (COR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.99), having decision power on current antenatal care use (COR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.45, 6.30), urine test as means of pregnancy recognition (COR 5.18,95%CI: 2.74,9.81), mothers' perceived right time(COR 2.48, 95%CI:1.01,6.09) and getting information when to book (COR 2.55, 95%CI:1.33, 4.87) have shown significant association with timely booking. Conclusion:The proportion of pregnant mothers who practiced timely booking is low and therefore every effort should be made to organize and implement community based information education and communication on antenatal care and its right time of commencement at all level.

Background: Optimal birth spacing plays a critical role in promoting perinatal health. However, in Ethiopia, many women still have shorter birth intervals than they would prefer and studies done to assess knowledge of couples were scarce. The objective of this study therefore was to assess perceived knowledge of couples about the disadvantage of short birth intervals in Arba Minch Zuria district, Ethiopia.Methods: Qualitative study design was conducted from February to April 2014 among women having at least two consecutive live births. Purposive sampling was employed to select information rich participants. Data were collected through focus group discussions using a semi-structured flexible discussion guide. Sixteen FGDs were conducted involving a total of 128 participants. Data were entered in to open code software and analyzed thematically.Result: Perceived disadvantage of short birth spacing, ultimate decision maker about birth intervals and reasons for experiencing short birth spacing were the major themes emerged from the discussion. Perceived knowledge of focus group discussants about the disadvantages of short birth pacing was very high. Ultimate decision maker about birth spacing were couples in the optimal spacers groups. On the other hand, husbands had the right to say the final word among discussants that had short birth intervals. Index child being female, husband & religious influences, fear of side effects of contraceptive, lack of information about the benefit contraceptives, and inaccessibility of reproductive health services were noted as reasons to experience short birth spacing.Conclusion: Perceived knowledge of discussants was similarly high in both short and optimal birth spacers. The main reasons for experiencing short birth spacing were, husband influence, fear of side effects of contraceptives, lack of information about the benefits of contraceptives, and geographical inaccessibility of reproductive health care services. For women to achieve optimal birth spacing, they need the support of their significant family members. Hence, behavioral change communications should target all of those who have a direct or indirect influence on birth spacing decisions. Moreover, the district in collaboration with other stallholders needs to work hard to make reproductive health service accessible in all aspects.

Background: Emergency department is a section of an institution that is staffed and equipped to provide rapid and varied emergency care, especially for those who are stricken with sudden and acute illness or who are the victims of severe health problem. Oncology patients in emergency department are causing a significant burden for health care system due to late seeking of care by the cancer patient to the Hospitalat an advanced stage. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at black lion Specialized Hospital. A one-year data was abstracted of 426 cancer diagnosed patients. The extraction was done from April 1 to April 30 2017. Data abstraction format was developed based on the nature of the record.Result: Four hundred twenty-six oncology patients record were analyzed. The mean age was 42.5years. Two hundred twelve (49.8%) and 214 (50.2%) were male and female respectively. Gastrointestinal cancer 128(30%) was the most common cancer type followed by Hematologic81 (19%) cancer. Based on symptoms the common complaints were pain (14.8%), Easily Fatigability (11.7%), Dysphagia (11.5%) and Bleeding (10.8%). Conclusion:The common types of cancer diagnosed at the emergency department were Gastro-intestinal and Hematology malignancies. Pain was the predominant complain among oncology patient present in an emergency department. Most of cancer patients present in emergency department is due to the effect of tumor. One tenth of the patient died while receiving care.