For the past several decades, social research about U.S. immigrant and refugee resettlement has focused on some of the ways federal and non-governmental organizations help immigrants and refugees integrate into mainstream society. Little research, if any, has explored how giving voice to immigrants and refugees is done in bridging transnational gaps and strengths in the process of their adjustment to the host country. This dissertation is grounded within transnational theory (Avenarius 2012, Levitt 2011, Peteet 1997) that argues that immigrants and refugees bring their experiences and cultures from their home countries, time in refugee camps, and other often traumatic experiences with them to the host country and a new culture. The study focuses on an organization solely funded by private donations and located in a Midwestern medium size city of the United States. The model is to encourage immigrant and refugee parents, predominantly women enrolling in Welcome Home 1 programs, to set up and work toward their own goals. The Welcome Home Program offers parents from diverse cultural backgrounds a new social space characterized by on-demand family coaching. At the same time, the program offers opportunities to parents to learn financial literacy. The program also replicates the national literacy model that puts emphasis on parent-child interactions in promoting children's academic development. The social context thus created functions primarily as an opportunity for family units to think about themselves as active players in the process of their adjustment to the United States. This research explores constant gender negotiations immigrant and refugee women and men engage in and how they accommodate new expectations and opportunities with their experiences in refugee camps and their socialization in their home countries.

Research on U.S. immigrant and refugee resettlement has focused on some of the ways federal and voluntary organizations help new members integrate into mainstream society. Little research, if any, has explored how bridging socio-cultural gaps emphasizing immigrants' and refugees' aspirations is done. Conducted in a mid-size southern city, this study focuses on an organization funded solely by private donations in which the model is to encourage immigrants and refugees to set their own goals. The program is part of a social context for participants' strategic action planning in the process of their adjustment to U.S. society. The agency takes a transnational approach that helps participants attain cultural, economic, and educational goals.