Various types of toxic xenobiotic and electrophilic compounds, which were formed from the glutathione S-transferases cell metabolism and the oxidation stress, are the group enzymes with detoxification roles that are involved in the metabolism phase II. During the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene homozygous deletion, the above enzymes completely lose their activity and consequently somatic mutation is formed. Furthermore, it is considered that it might have increased the risk of cancer. Therefore, the research works which connected the GSTMI and GSTTI gene deletion with the cancer of kidney, lung, prostate, breast, stomach, esophagus, large and narrow intestines. In this study, two gene deletion distribution is detected for cancer patients. We collected the blood samples of 60 patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. The DNA was extracted and the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were amplified using multiplex PCR. According to our research, the above two gene deletion is predominant among patients who have cancer. The results showed that from the total 60 patients GSTM1 and GSTT1 both deletions, GSTM1 gene deletion - 35%, GSTM1 gene deletion - 25%, GSTT1 gene deletion - 26.7%, GSTM1 and GSTT1 both positive -13.3 %. Therefore, we think that in order to prevent tumor and cancer, these gene mutations must be revealed and it is important to bring the risky group under medical control and assist them in order to prevent them from this disease.

Cysticercosis, a parasitic infection caused by the larval form of the tapeworm Taenia hydatigena, is a global challenge to the livestock industry. In this study, 56 goats slaughtered in Khishig-Undur, Mongolia, were evaluated for the presence of cystic lesions. The mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was analyzed for collected cysts to determine genetic variability. In total, 46.4% (26/56) of the evaluated goats were positive for T. hydatigena infection, with most of the cysts found attached to the omentum, mesentery, liver, or spleen. Partial 12S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from all evaluated cysts and aligned with known sequences for T. hydatigena. Infection prevalence was higher in goats three years of age and older (50.0%; 17/34) than in goats less than three years of age (40.9%; 9/22), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.356). No significant differences were noted in infections between male (38.1%; 8/21) and female (51.4%; 18/35) animals (p = 0.245). Infection with T. hydatigena appears to be highly prevalent in goats in Khishig-Undur; however, additional studies are needed to evaluate local parasite transmission dynamics and the impact of this parasite on local livestock production.

Genetic studies indicate to the importance of individual genetic diversity on predictor of mortality. Furthermore, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms can be used to identify disease-causing genes in humans and they can be either neutral or deleterious. Human Tumor necrosis factor-α is a well-known inflammation factor that is closely associated with sepsis and severe sepsis. Our objective was to evaluate the association of TNF-α -308 G/A promoter polymorphism with dependency to severity of pneumonia. Respiratory diseases, especially pneumonia, is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and the leading causes of pediatric hospitalization. We collected blood samples from 101 pediatric patients of the age group between "new born" and "school aged", who were treated and diagnosed with pneumonia in February 2019 and 2020, the pneumonia season in the country. Genomic DNA was extracted and performed by PCR-RFLP method to detect the presence of SNPs. The studies showed that the TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism among pediatric patients, genotype G;G was 73.27%, genotype A;G was 22.77%, and genotype A;A was 3.96%. Our study demonstrated disassociation of TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism with pneumonia severity in population.

The genus Trichoderma was first identified by the German scientist Persoon in 1974, and there are currently 89 species in the genus. Trichoderma fungi often break down organic compounds in the soil into minerals and plays an important role in soil fertility formation. Trichoderma citrinoviride 31/4 isolated from the soil forms a colony with light yellow-green mycelium on the surface of the PDA medium, with spherical spore, septate hyphae, branched conidophores. Trichoderma citrinoviride 31/4 had antagonistic activity of 66.7% against Cladosporium fulvum, 77.5% against Alternaria alternata, and 59.1% against Fusarium oxysporium after 7 days. Experimental results showed that the progress of tomato alternariosis treated with Trichoderma citrinoviride 31/4 was neutralized from the 7th day, and the biological activity was averagely 74% on the 21st day. Trichoderma citrinoviride 31/4 contains 0.0135 mg / kg of jasmonic acid in plants treated with 109 cell / ml and 0.0076 mg/kg in plants treated with 108 cell / ml.