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The problem of axisymmetric deformation of a peripherally fixed and uniformly loaded circular membrane under deflection restrictions (by a frictionless horizontal rigid plate) was analytically solved, where the assumption of constant membrane stress adopted in the existing work was given up, and a closed-form solution of this problem was presented for the first time. The numerical analysis shows that the closed-form solution presented here has higher calculation accuracy than the existing approximate solution.

Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following: (1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement. (2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical & economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China's urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention: (1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents' socio-economic attributes. (2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differen-1160 Journal of Geographical Sciences tiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities. (3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns. (4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development. (5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values.

Elastic reflection waveform inversion (ERWI) utilizes reflections to update the low and intermediate wavenumbers in the deeper part of elastic models and can provide good initial models for elastic full waveform inversion (EFWI). Although ERWI aims to mitigate the nonlinearity of inversion when starting from a poor initial model, it suffers from the cycle-skipping problem due to the objective function of waveform fitting. Building initial P-and S-wave velocity models for EFWI through elastic wave-equation reflection traveltime inversion (ERTI) would be effective and robust since traveltime information relates to the background model more linearly. However, the current implementations of acoustic traveltime inversion is not straightforward in elastic media due to the existence of S-wavefields. Wave mode decomposition, both on the recording surface and in the extrapolated wavefields, is important for ERTI. First, for seismic data with P-wave sources, the P/S separation of multicomponent seismograms isolates the PP and PS reflection events and thus make it possible to extract the event-to-event time-shifts of these isolated reflections through dynamic image warping (DIW). Then, we can use the traveltime residuals of PP and PS reflections to build the objective function for ERTI. Second, based on the investigation of the complicated reflection kernels in an elastic medium, we demonstrate the necessity of wave mode decomposition applied on the extrapolated elastic wavefields, to suppress the artefacts induced by the undesirable cross-correlations of the components in forward and back-propagated wavefields. Therefore, the decomposition of surface recording data and extrapolated wavefields guarantees the dominate contribution of the traveltime is included during the ERTI. Accordingly, we propose a two-stage method to first build the P-wave background velocity using the separated PP reflections and then build the S-wave background velocity using the separated PS reflections based on the well-recovered P-wave velocity model. A numerical example of the Sigsbee2A model shows the effectiveness of the proposed ERTI approach.

Power budgeting for NoC needs to be performed to meet limited power budget while assuring the best possible overall system performance. For simplicity and ease of implementation, existing NoC power budgeting schemes, irrespective of the fact that the packet arrival rates of different NoC routers may vary significantly, treat all the individual routers indiscriminately when allocating power to them. However, such homogeneous power allocation may provide excess power to routers with low packet arrival rates whereas insufficient power to those with high arrival rates. In this paper, we formulate the NoC power budgeting problem as to optimize the network performance over a power budget through per-router frequency scaling, taking into account of heterogeneous packet arrival rates across different routers as imposed by run time traffic dynamics. Correspondingly, we propose a fine-grained solution using an agile dynamic programming network with a linear time complexity. In essence, frequency of a router is set individually according to its contribution to the average network latency while meeting the power budget. Experimental results have confirmed that with fairly low runtime and hardware overhead, the proposed scheme can help save up to 50% application execution time when compared with the best existing methods.