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A large quantity of glycerine pitch (GP) generated from the oleo-chemical industry has led to significant environmental issues when it is disposed of without proper treatment. This study investigated the possibility of utilizing glycerine pitch as an alternative binder in the production of roofing tile, namely GP-RT. The percentage of GP incorporated by weight of tile ranges from 3 – 9 %. A transverse strength test was performed on the tiles in dry and wet conditions to investigate their durability in harsh conditions. A water absorption test was performed to determine the water uptake of the tiles produced. The specimen with the greatest flexural strength was achieved when 7% of GP was utilized. The mechanical properties of the tile can be enhanced when GP was mixed with a similar amount of used cooking oil (UCO), which achieved the greatest strength (4389 N and 9.48 MPa) when 5% of GP and 5% of UcO were used for the tile’s production. The water resistivity of the tiles can be enhanced by the coating process. The lowest percentage of water absorption (2.82%) and the greatest wet transverse strength (2746 N) were achieved when the tile was coated with a layer of UCO via the immersion method. Conclusively, the full replacement of cement with GP as an alternative binder is possible. The incorporation of multiple waste materials (GP, UCO, and fly ash) in tile production is a feasible attempt to reduce the disposal of these waste materials to landfills, thus preserves a greener environment for future generations.

This study introduces a novel attempt of utilizing used cooking oil (UCO) and fly ash in the production of green roofing tile, namely UCO-GRT. UCO was utilized as an alternative binder to fully replace the cement and clay, while fly ash was used as a fine aggregate instead of virgin sand. This can maximize the percentage of waste substitution in the manufacturing process, consequently reducing the waste disposal issues encountered in Malaysia. The optimization process was carried out to investigate the optimal manufacturing parameters, by considering the curing duration, the composition of UCO and fly ash, and the composition of catalyst incorporated. The mechanical properties of UCO-GRT produced, including density, dry and wet transverse strength, percentage of water absorption, and permeability have been investigated. Findings reveal that the utilization of catalysed UCO and fly ash solely in the production of roofing tiles is feasible. The optimized UCO-GRT fulfilled the basic requirements of a high-profile roofing tile as per ASTM standards. The embodied carbon and embodied energy of the novel roofing tile was also studied and compared with the cementitious and clay roofing tiles.