The redox initiator, cumene hydroperoxide/ tetraethylenepentamine (CHPO/TEPA), was used to initiate the emulsion polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The hydrophobic CHPO acting as oxidizer would interact with the hydrophilic TEPA employed as the reducer at the particle-water interface where the vinyl monomer is present. The kinetics of the styrene and MMA polymerizations were studied under a temperature range of 30-70°C. The polymerization rate, the concentration of monomer in the particles, the average number of latex particles and the number of radicals per particle were investigated to evaluate the propagation rate constant during interval II of the polymerization. With increasing temperature, the number of latex particles increases while the monomer concentration in the particles slightly decreases. The observed number of radicals per particle, calculated from the number average volume of the particles and the relation between the entry rate coefficients of free radicals into the particles and the exit rate coefficients of free radicals from the particle, was found to be approximately 0.47 and 0.5 in case of styrene and MMA polymerization, respectively. The calculation shows that the propagation rate constant, k p = 6.84 × 10 7 e −37.65/RT and k p =3.4×10 7 e −31.05/RT L/mol s for styrene and MMA polymerizations over the temperature range studied, respectively.
In the article, "Kinetics of Limestone Neutralization of Acid Waters" [Environ. Sci. Technoi., 10, 262-6 (1976)], by Paul Barton* and Terdthai Vatanatham, the following corrections
Ultraporous Pd nanocrystals for electrocatalysis applications were fabricated using a direct electrodeposition method on three differing carbon supports: flexible carbon fiber paper (CFP), and CFP modified with either graphene oxide nanosheets or their chemically reduced forms using a simple spray coating technique. The electrocatalytic activity of these electrodes was investigated for the direct electro‐oxidation reaction of methanol in alkaline media. Pd deposited on the CFP modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has excellent poisoning tolerance to carbonaceous species and a significantly better catalytic activity toward methanol oxidation than the other two catalyst support materials. Pd/rGO/CFP in 2.0 M CH3OH in 2.0 M NaOH yields a specific current density of 241 mAmg–1 cm–2 determined at the anodic oxidation peak. It is believed that the collaborative effects due to the three‐dimensional ultraporous Pd nanocrystals and fast electron transfer owing to high conductivity of rGO nanosheets play an important role in enhancing the catalytic performance of Pd/rGO/CFP toward methanol oxidation in alkali media.
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