This report describes the implementation and results of a field demonstration wherein residential electric water heaters and thermostats, commercial building space conditioning, municipal water pump loads, and several distributed generators were coordinated to manage constrained feeder electrical distribution through the two-way communication of load status and electric price signals. The field demonstration took place in Washington and Oregon and was paid for by the U.S. Department of Energy and several northwest utilities. Price is found to be an effective control signal for managing transmission or distribution congestion. Real-time signals at 5-minute intervals are shown to shift controlled load in time. The behaviors of customers and their responses under fixed, time-of-use, and real-time price contracts are compared. Peak loads are effectively reduced on the experimental feeder. A novel application of portfolio theory is applied to the selection of an optimal mix of customer contract types. v Executive SummaryPacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) led a field demonstration of smart grid technologies for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Pacific Northwest GridWise™ Testbed. The latter is a group composed of several northwest regional utilities, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and PNNL. The overall field demonstration was known as the Pacific Northwest GridWise Testbed Demonstration, composed of two principal projects. This report describes one of these, the Olympic Peninsula Project. The second project, called the Grid Friendly™ Appliance Project, is discussed separately in a companion report. Purpose and ObjectivesThe purpose of the Olympic Peninsula Project was to create and observe a futuristic energy-pricing experiment that illustrates several values of grid transformation that align with the GridWise concept. The central principle of the GridWise concept is that inserting intelligence into electric-grid components at the end-use, distribution, transmission and generation levels will significantly improve both the electrical and economic efficiencies within the electric power system. Specifically, this project, tested whether automated two-way communication between the grid and distributed resources will enable resources to be dispatched based on the energy and demand price signals that they receive. In this manner, conventionally passive loads and idle distributed generators can be transformed into elements of a diverse system of grid resources that provide near real-time active grid control and a broad range of economic benefits. Foremost, the project controlled these resources to successfully manage the power flowing through a constrained feeder-distribution circuit for the duration of the project. In other words, the project tested whether it was possible to decrease the stress on the distribution system at times of peak demand by more actively engaging typically passive resources-end use loads and idle distributed generation.The immediate objectives of the project...
Fifty residential electric water heaters and 150 new residential clothes dryers were modified to respond to signals received from underfrequency, load-shedding appliance controllers. Each controller monitored the power-grid voltage signal and requested that electrical load be shed by its appliance whenever electric power-grid frequency fell below 59.95 Hz. The controllers and their appliances were installed and monitored for more than a year at residential sites at three locations in Washington and Oregon. The controllers and their appliances responded reliably to each shallow underfrequency eventan average of one event per day-and shed their loads for the durations of these events. Appliance owners reported that the appliance responses were unnoticed and caused little or no inconvenience for the homes' occupants.
ph: (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576-5728 email: reports@adonis.osti.gov Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161 ph: (800) 553-6847 fax: (703) 605-6900 email: orders@ntis.fedworld.gov online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htmThis document was printed on recycled paper.
Installation and Configuration Instructions for the Whole-Building Diagnostician Software Release 2.10-162 Welcome to the Whole-Building Diagnostician ™ (WBD) Software tool developed by a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) team led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 1 (PNNL) and enhanced under funding from the California Energy Commission (CEC) and the U.S. Department of Energy. The WBD is modular diagnostic software that detects and diagnoses common problems associated with heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems and equipment. The software has two modules-one to monitor whole-building energy use (the whole-building energy module or WBE) and one to detect and diagnose problems associated with outdoor-air control and economizer operation in air-handling units (AHUs) (the outdoor air and economizer module or OAE).
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