A novel system for directing the beam of a single-point laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to measure three-dimensional velocity components of non-planar targets has been developed. A description of this measurement system is presented, along with a discussion of relative merits as compared with conventional scanning LDV systems. Two data sets are presented. In the first, sample measurements of a bulk solid are compared with an analytic model as verification of the measurement technique. In the second, measurements of the surface of sand over a buried anti-tank landmine are presented as a demonstration of the full capability of the system.

Mechanically coupling microscale or nanoscale resonators in more than one dimension requires a departure from classic beam resonator designs. A square paddle resonator is a simple geometry that allows easy coupling into two-dimensional arrays. These resonators can have high quality factors in the fundamental vibration mode if operated in vacuum. In this paper we summarize the behavior of such a resonator and describe several design considerations. We develop an expression for the inter-resonator coupling in terms of coupling beam geometry, estimate energy dissipation due to a variety of physical mechanisms, and empirically determine the vibration amplitude at which geometric nonlinearity becomes significant. Future experimental studies can exploit the expressions presented here, which facilitate design of two-dimensional arrays of square-paddle resonators that will be useful for a variety of potential applications.

A novel system for using a single-point Laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to measure surface normal velocity components of non-planar targets has been developed. A description of this measurement system is presented, along with a discussion of results and relative merits compared with conventional scanning LDV systems. Data from sample measurements taken on an anti-tank landmine buried in sand are presented. It is shown that measurements of the same surface wave using this system and a conventional system can differ by as much as 75%.