Many studies have argued that a better understanding of people's preferences about public urban green spaces may inform urban planners to effectively provide and manage urban green spaces to meet users' needs. The aim of this study is to examine urban residents preferred public green space characteristics and investigate whether similarities and differences can be highlighted in three different Portuguese cities. Through a web-based questionnaire based on the best-worst scaling (BWS) method, residents of Lisbon, Porto and Évora (n = 750) were asked to select the most and least important public green space characteristic among thirteen attributes. The results suggest a consensus about some green space characteristics across cities but also the existence of some local variations in city residents' preferences. Overall, this study can support public authorities and urban planners as they strive to effectively design and manage urban green spaces to meet users' needs.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the relevant attributes, extrinsic and intrinsic, that Portuguese consumers value and are relevant in the decision process for choosing wine. Further, the study aims to check possible differences in the valued attributes regarding consumer's involvement level and wine Region Origin.Design/methodology/approachThe research was designed to identify relevant wine attributes and measure their importance when choosing a wine. In order to achieve this objective and match it with consumers' involvement and wine origin region, 30 Focus Groups were performed, involving 171 consumers from five Portuguese regions of origin.FindingsThe region of origin is the attribute that triggers the process of choosing a wine. Label/back label, price, bottle, brand, and wine varieties are also important clues, nevertheless differently valorised according to consumers' involvement. The less relevant attributes are winemaker/producer information, medals/awards, and overall design. Their importance varies with the degree of consumers' involvement and the wine region of origin. The main intrinsic attributes are flavour and aroma, regardless of involvement level or region of origin. Wine balance, freshness, acidity, colour and body have different perceptions, depending on the regions of origin. Alcohol content and gas are the least valued attributes.Originality/valueResults allow an extended perspective about the process of buying wine, matching the importance of the relevant attributes with consumers' involvement level and region of origin. The study can contribute to an accurate market‐orientation perspective.
There is no doubt that the search for organic products is already more than a trend; it is an indisputable reality. More and more people are opting for a healthier lifestyle that starts with food, which has awakened a growing interest in understanding the reasons for these purchases. The motivational attributes of consumers’ decisions regarding the consumption of organic products are the main aim of this study. The survey included 250 respondents that filled a questionnaire by email and by personal interviews. We used a non-probabilistic sampling method, namely convenience sampling and the best–worst scaling method to analyze 10 attributes of organic purchasing decisions. Then, we studied the impact of the classification variables age, gender, academic level, place of residence, children under 18 living at home, and place of purchase of organic products on the attributes. Applying a chi-square test, we only obtained statistically significant differences for children under 18 living at home and the certification warranty (p = 0.011). The results show the dominance of credence attributes and egoistic motivations on organic consumption and may indicate a path towards the standardization of the organic consumer profile. This study emphasized that we may be facing a new organic consumer, for whom health-related factors are not just significant but overwhelming as well.
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