Cocoa consumption suppressed ADP- or epinephrine-stimulated platelet activation and platelet microparticle formation. Cocoa consumption had an aspirin-like effect on primary hemostasis.

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious, sometimes fatal, complication of transfusion. Granulocyte and HLA class I antibodies present in blood donors have been associated with TRALI. HLA class II antibodies have recently been described in a few cases of TRALI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donors involved in TRALI reactions reported to a blood center over an 18‐month period were tested for HLA class I and II antibodies as well as granulocyte antibodies, if HLA antibodies were not identified. RESULTS: HLA class II antibodies were identified, in at least one donor, in 7 (64%) of 11 cases of TRALI. HLA class I antibodies were identified in combination with HLA class II antibodies in 5 of these 7 cases. HLA class I antibodies were exclusively identified in 2 cases. Granuloctye antibodies were identified in 1 case, and no antibodies were identified in another. CONCLUSION: In addition to HLA class I antibodies, HLA class II antibodies are associated with TRALI. Testing of donors for HLA class II antibodies as well as HLA class I and granulocyte antibodies is recommended as part of the investigation of suspected cases of TRALI.

In most cases of TRALI, a correlation between antigen and antibody can be identified. Activation of monocytes and their subsequent release of cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of TRALI.