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Peru has high rates of iron deficiency anemia. The prevalence is 35% in nonpregnant women of fertile age and 24.7% in adolescent girls in slums of periurban Lima. The major cause of anemia is low intake of dietary iron. A community-based, randomized behavioral and dietary intervention trial was conducted to improve dietary iron intake and iron bioavailability of adolescent girls living in periurban areas of Lima, Peru. Results show that there was a change in knowledge about anemia and improved dietary iron intake in the 71 girls who completed the study compared with the 66 girls in the control group. Although the 9-mo. intervention was not sufficient to improve hemoglobin levels significantly, there appeared to be a protective effect in maintaining the iron status of girls in comparison with the control group.

Consumption of breast milk, liquids, and foods by 131 poor Peruvian infants was measured on 1661 child-days of observation during their first year of life. Breast-milk intake was estimated by 12-h test-weighing; macronutrients were analyzed in samples of milk. Other foods and liquids were weighed at preparation and consumption; nutrient contents were estimated from food composition tables. Mean energy intakes increased with age but declined from 95% to 78% of recommended amounts during the year. Mean protein intakes were generally above recommended amounts but more than one-third of infants received less than 80% of the suggested safe intakes in the second (6-mo) semester. Breast milk was the major source of energy and protein during the first semester. Breast milk and cow milk together contributed more than half the energy and protein during the second 6 mo, when cereals were also an important source of energy and protein. Mean intakes of calcium, thiamin, and ascorbic acid were less than recommended at some ages but mean intakes of other selected micronutrients exceeded recommendations.

To determine the effect of dietary viscosity on energy consumption by young children, 56 Peruvian children 9-20 mo of age with acute diarrhea were randomly assigned to either a liquid or semisolid diet, with or without added amylase to reduce viscosity. Intakes of the study diet, breast milk, and other foods were measured for 2 consecutive d during and again after illness. Total 24-h energy intake (chi +/- SD) during diarrhea, 349.4 +/- 121.8 kJ/kg (83.6 +/- 29.1 kcal/kg) was 18% less than intake after recovery, 428.9 +/- 141.0 kJ/kg (102.6 +/- 33.7), P < 0.001. In the ANOVA breast-fed children consumed significantly less total energy (P = 0.008) and energy from the study diet (P = 0.02) than non-breast-fed children. Breast milk intake did not change with illness. There was no significant relationship between viscosity of the study diet and either total energy intake or intake of energy from the study diet. Energy intake by these children was primarily determined by health status and breast-feeding practice, not by dietary viscosity.

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