The effects of HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral drugs on vitamin D metabolism are still mostly unknown. This was a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identify its association with the clinical and metabolic parameters among 214 HIV-positive female patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Brazil. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 30 ng/ml) was 40.65% (87/214). Hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-c, duration of use of current antiretroviral regimen, hypertriglyceridemia, body mass index, age, hypertension, time with AIDS ≥ 10 years and hyperglycemia were selected for multivariate analysis (p < 0.20). After this analysis, hypercholesterolemia and use of current antiretroviral regimen ≥ 3 years remained independently associated with vitamin D deficiency. There was an inverse statistically significant correlation between total cholesterol and serum 25(OH)D levels. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found among HIV-positive women on ART and was independently associated with its prolonged use and with hypercholesterolemia.
SummaryThe epidemiological profile of the HIV virus has undergone substantial modifications with advances in antiretroviral therapy. There has been a sharp decline in morbi-mortality levels of HIVinfected patients, which has resulted in higher survival rates. The HIV seropositive population is living longer and more exposed to chronic complications caused by the disease itself and the prolonged use of antiretrovirals. Initially, metabolic alterations were reported, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Subsequently, damage on bone metabolism was related. SumárioO perfil epidemiológico da infecção pelo vírus HIV vem sofrendo grandes modificações com os avanços na terapia antirretroviral. Houve uma queda expressiva na morbi-mortalidade do paciente infectado pelo HIV e, por conseguinte, aumento da sobrevida. A população soropositiva está envelhecendo e mais exposta às complicações da cronificação da doença e ao uso prolongado dos antirretrovirais. Inicialmente foram descritas alterações metabólicas que contribuem para um aumento no risco de doença cardiovascular. Em seguida, surgiram relatos de danos ao metabolismo ósseo. A deficiência de vitamina D tem atingido proporções epidêmicas envolvendo até mesmo indivíduos saudáveis em regiões tropicais. Dados recentes sugerem sua associação com síndrome metabólica, doenças imunes, diabetes e hipertensão. A doença HIV/Aids e a ação dos antirretrovirais no metabolismo da vitamina D ainda permanecem pouco conhecidas. Em pacientes HIV positivos, fatores ligados ao próprio vírus e ao uso dos antirretrovirais podem estar adicionados às demais causas de hipovitaminose D. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(2):118-22
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