The authors have worked since 2000 to prepare school leaders at two California Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) in partnership with K-12 public, private, and charter schools. While transforming their programs into virtual delivery models, as an option for students, both online and face-to-face hybrid formats require conditions that help students effectively succeed as learners. Over fifteen years the authors have narrowed discussions for efficient facilitation and mapping to course content while personalizing lessons to deeply engage their learners' creation of new knowledge. They make twenty-three recommendations for streamlining course content, assignments, and assessments to meet individual needs of students while meeting the expectations and challenges of changing national and state standards. The authors conclude that ‘thinking anew' through faculty ideation is a must for IHEs as the changing learner demands changing practice.

The authors have worked since 2000 to prepare school leaders at two California Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) in partnership with K-12 public, private, and charter schools. While transforming their programs into virtual delivery models, as an option for students, both online and face-to-face hybrid formats require conditions that help students effectively succeed as learners. Over fifteen years the authors have narrowed discussions for efficient facilitation and mapping to course content while personalizing lessons to deeply engage their learners' creation of new knowledge. They make twenty-three recommendations for streamlining course content, assignments, and assessments to meet individual needs of students while meeting the expectations and challenges of changing national and state standards. The authors conclude that ‘thinking anew' through faculty ideation is a must for IHEs as the changing learner demands changing practice.

This mixed-method phenomenological study reports findings of 144 urban California educational leaders' and teachers' views about the identified effects academic optimism has on supporting equitable growth in student learning within ten low SES schools. Hoy, Tartar, & Woolfolk-Hoy (2006) examined how academic optimism was a general demonstrable second order construct of successful urban schools. This study seeks to compare the findings of Hoy, et al, to that of 144 California TK-8 school leaders' and teachers' perceptions regarding both the presence of academic optimism at ten low SES school sites, and its effects on equitable growth in student learning across student groups.

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