Nigeria recently endorsed the World Bank's zero routine flaring by 2030 initiative and raised her own goal to 2020. As a step towards achieving the 2020 flare out goal, the Ministry of Petroleum Resources has established a national gas flare commercialization framework. Under this framework, licenses would be issued to third parties who would become off-takers of the gas. While this framework presents opportunity for investment, most of the oil fields where the gas is being flared may be far from existing pipelines and process infrastructures. Additionally, flare gas is often associated with volume, composition and pressure fluctuations, which make technology selection for its utilization more challenging. This paper reviewed some technologies for flare gas recovery and utilization, and identified promising technologies with capabilities of handling flare gas volume below 1 MMscfd. Mini gas-to-liquid (mini-GTL) technologies for producing diesel, methanol and anhydrous ammonia developed by Greyrock, GasTechno and Proton Ventures, respectively, were selected. The technical viability and economic benefits of these technologies were evaluated based on feed gas rate of 500 Mscfd. While all the technologies are technically viable, the gross profit margin of the GasTechno's miniGTL technology with methanol as the GTL product was found to be more attractive.

In less than a decade, there have been two global meltdowns of crude oil price and the latest was caused by the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020. This is expected to have a negative impact on the global economy, especially on those countries that depend more on the revenue from sales of crude oil. One of the measures that can be taken to survive this kind of situation in the future is to reduce the unit technical cost for producing a barrel of oil by using locally available materials. This research investigated a local clay sourced from Ropp in Plateau State, Nigeria, by considering its rheological characteristics and economic implications of using it for partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations. The local clay was termed as Ropp bentonite clay (RBC). Various spud mud samples were prepared by dispersing a mixture of imported bentonite clay (IBC) and RBC (0–100%) in 350 ml of water. Certain quantity (0–1 g) of polyacrylamide cellulose was added to the mud samples before rheological and physical properties were determined using the standard API procedure. An economic model was built to determine the cost implications of using any of the mud formulations at different consumption rates. The results show that IBC–RBC blend in the right proportion could save Nigeria 12 to 36% of the cost of bentonite clay used to drill wells in the country.

Ethyl Esters of Pork Oil (EEL) has been investigated as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in petroleum-