Abstract. Proper formatting makes the structure of a program apparent and aids program comprehension. The need to format code arises in code generation and transformation, as well as in normal reading and editing situations. Commonly used pretty-printing tools in transformation frameworks provide an easy way to produce indented code that is fairly readable for humans, without reaching the level of purpose-built reformatting tools, such as those built into IDEs. This paper presents a library of pluggable components, built to support style-based formatting and reformatting of code, and to enable further experimentation with code formatting.

The European energy policy pushes the member states to transform building stock into nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB). This paper is focused on data collected from existing nZEB day-care centres,in order to be able to assess possible differences between predicted and actual energy and indoorenvironmental performance. Building structures, service systems and the indoor climate and energyperformance of five day-care centres were investigated in Estonia, Finland and Norway.Indoor climate condition measurements showed that in general, the thermal environment and indoor airquality corresponded to the highest indoor climate categories I and II (EN 15251). Building heating andventilation systems in studied buildings are working without major problems. Good indoor climate conditions were also reflected in the occupant satisfaction questionnaires. For most of the studied buildings, over 80%of the people marked all indoor environment condition parameters (thermal comfort, indoor air quality,acoustics, odour and illuminance) acceptable. The thermal environment in the cooling season was reportedproblematic because it was lower than the minimum temperature for indoor climate category II.Energy consumption analysis showed that measured real energy use was higher, or even significantlyhigher, than the energy use calculated during the design phase. Potential causes of the higher actualenergy consumption are caused by differences of measured and designed solutions, methodology of theenergy calculations, and the differences in user behaviour.Lessons learnt from previously constructed day-care centres can be utilised in the planning and designof new nZEBs.

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Abstract. Permission-based security models are common in smartphone operating systems. Such models implement access control for sensitive APIs, introducing an additional concern for application developers. It is important for the correct set of permissions to be declared for an application, as too small a set is likely to result in runtime errors, whereas too large a set may needlessly worry users. Unfortunately, not all platform vendors provide tools support to assist in determining the set of permissions that an application requires. We present a language-based solution for permission management. It entails the specification of permission information within a collection of source code, and allows for the inference of permission requirements for a chosen program composition. Our implementation is based on Magnolia, a programming language demonstrating characteristics that are favorable for this use case. A language with a suitable component system supports permission management also in a cross-platform codebase, allowing abstraction over different platform-specific implementations and concrete permission requirements. When the language also requires any "wiring" of components to be known at compile time, and otherwise makes design tradeoffs that favor ease of static analysis, then accurate inference of permission requirements becomes possible.