Near-ultraviolet (UV-A: 315–400 nm), “black-light,” electric lamps were invented in 1935 and ultraviolet insect light traps (ILTs) were introduced for use in agriculture around that time. Today ILTs are used indoors in several industries and in food-service as well as in outdoor settings. With recent interest in photobiological lamp safety, safety standards are being developed to test for potentially hazardous ultraviolet emissions. A variety of UV “Black-light” ILTs were measured at a range of distances to assess potential exposures. Realistic time-weighted human exposures are shown to be well below current guidelines for human exposure to ultraviolet radiation. These UV-A exposures would be far less than the typical UV-A exposure in the outdoor environment. Proposals are made for realistic ultraviolet safety standards for ILT products.

Typically, complex engineering artifacts are designed by teams who may not all be located in the same building or even city. Additionally, besides having to design a part of an artifact to be consistent with the specification, it must also be consistent with the company's design standards. The Designers' Workbench supports designers by checking that their configurations satisfy both physical and organisational constraints. The system uses an ontology to describe the available elements in a configuration task. Configurations are composed of features, which can be geometric or nongeometric, physical or abstract. Designers can select a class of feature (e.g. Bolt) from the ontology, and add an instance of that class (e.g. a particular bolt) to their configuration. Properties of the instance can express the parameters of the feature (e.g. the size of the bolt), and also describe connections to other features (e.g. what parts the bolt is used to hold together).

Scattered UV laser radiation did not exceed occupational exposure limits at distances greater than 30 cm from either laser calibration targets or patient treatments over a workday. Laser eye protection is not necessary to protect operating room personnel since exposure levels are very low even under a worst-case scenario.

Laser safety filter materials must be evaluated at various levels up to the maximum irradiances likely to be encountered, since the absorber may exhibit nonlinear properties. Extreme care is necessary around short-duration lasers due to extremely high peak irradiances in the beam. This is especially true for visible and near-infrared lasers due to the high susceptibility to retinal injury for an observer.

A technique for evaluating the potential hazards from multiple wavelength lasers is described below. Since little or no known multiwavelength laser exposure research has been performed, this technique is not substantiated and should be employed with great care.