Background: Effective pain management requires precise knowledge and competent skills in practice. Nurses should have a solid foundation of pain knowledge and develop good practice pain management. Little is documented towards nurse's knowledge and practice of pain management among critical ill patients in the study area. Objective: To examine the level of knowledge, practice & associated factors of nurses towards critically ill patients pain management at federal hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia September to October 2020. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among nurses, who work at federal hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from September 15 to October 15, 2020. All intensive care unit nurses was participated in the study. Data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire and entered into Epi info version 7 and imported to SPSS version 23.0 software for analysis. Associations was analyzed by using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model. The findings were expressed with 95% CI and odd ratio and P-value<0.05. Result: Knowledge of nurses towards pain management in the study area is 64.9%. Among many factors contributed to the nurses' pain management knowledge in the Multivariate logistic regression: work load (

Background: Meningococcal meningitis is a disease of major public health importance especially for countries in the meningitis belt. The retrospective data analysis had provided helpful information to understand the current prevalence of meningococcal meningitis. The trends of meningococcal meningitis had provided useful estimates on the effect of seasonal variability of meningitis, and the distribution of disease burden. So the objective of this study is to assess and describes the magnitude and distribution of Meningitis in Amhara national regional state of Ethiopia from 2015-2019. Method: Meningococcal meningitis surveillance data of the Amhara region from 2015-2019 were reviewed to describe the disease epidemiology. The study involves a retrospective descriptive analysis of collected clinical data and line list reported to EPHI from 2015-2019 through the Public Health Emergency Management Surveillance system. Result: Of the total 894 patients and 25 deaths, highly contributing zones were North Shewa with 195 (21.81%) patients, North Gondar with 145 (16.22%) patients, and South Wollo with 101(11.30%) patients. Of the total patients, 534 were treated as impatient patients while 371 were treated as outpatient patients. The regional patient fatality rate is 2.80 and the attack rate is 4.59 per 100,000 population. Meningococcal meningitis morbidity is high in North Gondar, South Wollo, and North Shewa, and mortality are high in North Shewa, South Wollo, and East Gojjam respectively. There was high morbidity with low mortality like in North Gondar and North Shewa. Conclusion: Meningococcal meningitis is affected by geographical factors common in arid areas. In epidemic week 38 of 2015 (dry season), there was a meningococcal meningitis outbreak in north Gondar specifically in west Armachiho district. Patient management is poor in those high mortality areas like North Shewa, South Wollo, and East Gojjam. Laboratory-based surveillance should be implemented to identify common serotypes of N. meningitides.

Introduction: Public health surveillance is an ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in public health. Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) is form of continuous surveillance linking the health information system to quality improvement processes from local to national levels. Ethiopia has been implementing Maternal Death Surveillance and Response for the last four years. The aim of evaluating Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system at Addis Ababa City Administration was to evaluate the performance and identify gaps of existing system in city administration 2018. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system at Addis Ababa City Administration, which was conducted from March 12-23/2018. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 13 study units. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire and crosschecked with available documents. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel, 2016. Result: Only 67% of study units had appropriate denominator and the denominator at city level was 1168157 (34.6% of total population). All study units had maternal death review committee and the action threshold used by all study units was one maternal death. A total 52 maternal death notifications received by the region from Sept/2016 to Aug/2017, giving case detection rate of 13% of national plan for the city. All notifications were true maternal deaths. Cause of death identified for 50 (96.15%) of deaths and only findings from 7 (14%) deaths used for action. No separate budget was allocated for Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system at all levels. MDSR system implementation at private health facilities was almost neglected and overall average attribute measurement for the system was 63%. Conclusion: Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system establishment objectives will not be achieved by current level of implementation and detection. Data utilization and attributes value was very low. Lack of separate budget affects the system implementation.