Вивчено вплив комплексного забруднення навколишнього середовища оксидами сульфуру (IV) і нітрогену (IV) та важкими металами (залізо, манган, цинк, ртуть, хром) на фізіологічні й цитогенетичні показники генеративних органів представників роду Tilia L. в умовах степового Придніпров'я. Промислові викиди та вихлопи автотранспорту викликають зменшення кількості суцвіть на модельній гілці та квіток у суцвітті у рослин T. amurensis L. та T. cordаta Mill. У досліджених видів лип, які зростали у забрудненій зоні, виявлено зниження довжини пелюстки та кількості пелюсток у квітці, а довжини тичинки-лише у T. cordаta. В умовах техногенезу зменшується фертильність пилкових зерен в обох деревних порід, але більшою мірою-у T. cordаta. Запропоновано інформативні тест-параметри для фітоіндикації забруднення навколишнього середовища та стану рослин роду Tіlia в умовах хронічної дії на них SO 2 , NO 2 та важких металів.

The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions SO 2 and NO 2 on the anatomical structure of the annual shoot stems of Salix alba L. in conditions of steppe zone of Ukraine. It reveals high stability of histological characteristics of the studied type to phytotoxic pollutants, which was proved by thickening of almost all anatomical stem parameters. It was ascertained the toxic gases chronic effect results in increasing the thickness of the stem cortex in the research object through the increase of the primary cortex where collenchyme and parenchyma grow thicker, and through thickening the secondary cortex as hard bast indices rise. The study proved that toxic gases do not affect the wood radius and pith diameter, though the biggest trachea diameter increases significantly. It has shown the thickening of both primary cortex and secondary bast which contribute to the change of that the diameter of annual shoot stems of S. alba in conditions of technogenesis. The high adaptive capacity of anatomical indicators of this his plant species stem to industrial pollution has been demonstrated, and therefore it was suggested that S. alba can be used for planting the areas subject to chronic actions SO 2 and NO 2 . INTRODUCTIONTechnogenic pollution is a powerful factor that leads to the degradation and de forestation worldwide [1,2]. Ukraine is one of the most ecologically disadvantaged countries in Europe [3]. The highest level of contamination is observed in the Prydniprov'ya region. The city of Dnipropetrovsk is its powerful industrial center. Plants and works of metallurgical, machinebuilding, chemical, power and other industries are concentrated in the city. Every year they emit millions of tons of toxic substances into the atmosphere, soil and water bodies [4] which have detrimental effect on the living organisms. Planting and establishing green spaces around the industrial areas and along the highways are the measures that are of primary importance in the system of environment protection [5].Woody vegetation effectively acts as the "lungs" of the city, purifying air from harmful substances. However, the plants themselves undergo constant anthropogenic pressure, which affects their growth and development, aesthetics appearance and fertility [3,6,7]. The geographical location of Dnipropetrovsk effect in the steppe zone of Ukraine exacerbates the ongoing situation, as there is an enormous discrepancy between conditions needed to forest ecosystems and the real geographical and environmental conditions. Besides the anthropogenic loading, woody vegetation has to adapt to the complex unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought, strong dry winds, freezing winters and hot summers. Therefore, the creation of urban forest ecosystems for environmental protection requires the selection of tree species selection taking into account both their resistance to toxic gases, heavy metals, dust and other anthropogenic ingredients and their ability to adapt to adverse abiotic factors of the environment.The use o...

The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides on stem histological parameters of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth of Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L., which are natural forest edificators in the steppe zone of Ukraine. It shows that stem anatomical characteristics undergo quantitative changes in the annual undergrowth shoots of the two tree species under anthropogenic burden, with the most significant changes in the area of heavy pollution. Results indicate the decrease of such stem parameters as stem and stele diameters, wood radius and primary cortex thickness under high concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in seedlings of both species. However, this parameter drops in A. platanoides stems by reducing the collenchyme width, whereas it reduces in F. excelsior stems due to cork thickness loss. Another difference in the response of A. platanoides to the influence of phytotoxic pollutants compared to F. excelsior is the depletion of conducting elements of its phloem, which results in thinning the stem secondary cortex. The research findings prove high vulnerability of A. platanoides undergrowth to the chronic SO2 and NO2 exposure. Therefore, this woody species is suggested to be used as a test object in monitoring research on plants of virginal group in the technogenic areas contaminated with sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides.

Abstract. The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides (the southern industrial zone of the city of Dnipro) on stem histological parameters of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth of Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L., which are natural forest edificators in the steppe zone of Ukraine. It shows that stem anatomical characteristics undergo quantitative changes in the annual undergrowth shoots of the two tree species under anthropogenic burden, with the most significant changes in the area of heavy pollution. Results indicate the decrease of such stem parameters as stem and stele diameters, wood radius and primary cortex thickness under high concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 in seedlings of both species. However, this parameter drops in A. platanoides stems by reducing the collenchyme width, whereas it goes down in F. excelsior stems due to cork thickness loss. Another difference in the response of A. platanoides to the influence of phytotoxic pollutants compared to F. excelsior is the depletion of conducting elements of its phloem, which results in thinning the secondary cortex of the stem. The research findings prove high vulnerability of A. platanoides undergrowth to the chronic exposure of SO 2 and NO 2 . Therefore, this woody species is suggested to be used as a test object in monitoring research on plants of virginal group in the technogenic areas contaminated with sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides.

Abstract. The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides on the percentage of stem anatomical characteristics of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth of Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. in the southern industrial zone of the city of Dnipro (Ukraine). It is ascertained, that the ratio of the primary cortex share to the central cylinder share does not change in the stems of annual shoots of the both studied woody plant species when they are exposed to the influence of the toxic gases. However, there are significant changes in the ratio of shares of histological elements in the undergrowth stems of F. excelsior. The use of both absolute and relevant values of anatomic parameters of the plant vegetative organs is needed to analyse the woody plants resistance to technogenic pollution of the environment.