The widespread use of information and communication technologies and subsequent transformations have led to the formation of a digital economy (DE). The European Union, as an international organization, has become the subject of building such an economy, striving to bring member countries closer in the field of digitalization.The aim of this paper is to compare the DE development parameters of the EU countries based on cluster analysis and determine the most significant of them to solve the problems of bridging the digital divide between countries. For clustering, a feature DE vector of 20 indicators was created and the k-means algorithm and the Euclidean distance metric were used. For classification, the decision tree method was applied.Three clusters of EU countries were identified by the level of DE development (leaders, followers and outsiders), which allowed assessing their positions relative to each other. Key parameters that determine countries’ positions in the general rating are identified. A parameter chart is generated to control the establishment of DE in the EU countries, which, in addition to key parameters, includes maximum, minimum and harmonic mean values of these parameters by cluster. This characterizes the landscape of DE development in the EU countries, assesses the digital divide and is the basis for decision-making in the area of bridging this divide.

The goods, which are positioned on modern global markets as innovative and high-tech products, occupy more and more segments, owing to the contemporary modifications of the innovation diffusion theory and the ways of its implementation on high-tech markets. However, the meaning of the term “high technology” and “innovations” is quite disputable. An identification of the ontological characteristics of these definitions is of particular interest and practical value in terms of the transformation of a scientific and methodological framework for control of innovation diffusion in conditions of invariance on the market of high-tech information technology. Therefore, the author’s article is aimed at the identification of the above-stated definitions and generalization of their distinctions. Methodology. The methodology of the article is based on the theoretical researches of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, which are synthesized, systematized, and analysed to identify the distinctive features of “high tech” and “innovations”. One of the critical methodological tool, represented in the research, is an application of frequency analysis using online service “Google Books Ngram Viewer”, which enabled us to compare frequency of references in scientific researches of the term “innovations” and “high technologies” as well as to compile analytical database of the research. Results. As a result of the author’s study, it has been established that the frequency of using the term “innovations” is continuously increasing and the definition itself has a huge variety of interpretations. This paper suggests generalizing the innovations as the implementation of the new idea, which produces widespread and long-term changes. As distinct from innovations, a term “high technology” means the narrower spectrum of radical changes. Although it has a few names, such as “high-technology”, “high tech”, “high-tech”, “hi-tech”, which, besides technology, can have other functionality. Practical implications. The presented results make it possible to develop more efficient communication channels for innovation diffusion, more precisely to identify innovators and mechanisms of their involvement in corporate activities, alternative forms of innovative activities in corporations. Value/originality. As a result of the study, it has been proved that technologies have common features with radical technical innovations, such as high science intensity, enhanced efficiency. Nevertheless, while being distributed on the market, innovation becomes a commodity and high technologies remain the same until the creation of state-of-the-art technologies. On this basis, it is possible more precisely to introduce innovations of IT companies according to information technology market segments.

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the essence of aggression, aggressive behavior as an innate and as a social phenomenon. It has been proven that emotions are the driving force behind aggressive behavior. Three types of aggressive behavior are characterized: accidental, instrumental and hostile, and the reasons for their occurrence are revealed. Parents’ mistakes, which are the reasons for the ruinous nature of the aggressive behavior of the child of the preschool age, are summarized. A system of measures to prevent the destructive nature of the aggressive behavior and to ensure the constructive nature of a preschool child is presented. It has been proven that constructive manifestations of aggressive behavior are a means of forming the unique "Me", achieving success in society. The concept of “happy childhood” was presented as a factor for the prevention of the ruinous nature of the aggressive behavior of a child of the preschool age. A united psychologically favorable developmental educational and family space as a mechanism for ensuring a happy child is characterized. Advice to adults on ensuring children's mental health during the war in Ukraine is characterized. Two blocks of measures for the prevention of aggressive behavior of a preschooler are presented. The first includes a system of tasks, role-playing games, and certain techniques that can be used by both parents and preschool teachers to develop a child's ability to understand his own and others' emotions and manage them. In the second block, the system of work of the educator in the preschool education institution regarding the organization of teamwork in the children's team of the group, aimed, first of all, at the development of the child's willpower and communication skills is revealed. Construction games are presented, the technique of working on them in a preschool education institution is revealed. Forms of cooperation between the educator and parents of preschool children are characterized.