To ensure the economic security of companies, it is necessary to introduce a risk management system based on the use of various tools, especially financial ones. The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate the paradigm of integration of the risk management mechanism into the system of economic security in companies on the basis of risk-oriented management. The main study method was an online survey of 50 Polish companies in January–April 2021 using a developed questionnaire consisting of 40 questions. According to the results of the expert survey, it is determined that regardless of the type of economic activity of the enterprise, the main goal of introducing risk-oriented management is to preserve assets and increase the efficiency of financial and economic processes. The introduction of risk-oriented management is perceived as a tool to increase the value of the company and ensure the achievement of strategic goals. Fraud is a significant risk to the state of economic security for modern enterprises. To prevent the fact of fraud, taking into account the specifics of the operation of companies, it is suggested to conduct an annual examination. As a result, the suggested procedure should include an audit (audit of financial statements, forensics, transition to international financial reporting standards, audit of systems and processes), assessment (assessment for audit and reporting in accordance with international financial reporting standards, risk management assessment in accordance with international standards, assessment of the effectiveness of economic security), tax analytics (identification of tax risks, analysis of compliance with tax legislation, tax audit), and a due diligence procedure for investment objects.
У статті проведено дослідження становлення економічного аналізу в системі освіти. На підставі логічного та порівняльного аналізу визначені основні етапи розвитку економічного аналізу та вищої освіти, на підставі методів індукції та дедукції побудована хронологія розвитку аналізу економічної діяльності в системі освіти. Визначено, що в епоху середньовіччя (Х–ХV ст.) економічний аналіз був направлений лише на фіксацію фактів господарського життя, які стосувалися переважно обмінних товарних операцій; в епоху відродження (ХVІ–ХVІІ ст.) та епоху просвітництва (ХVІІ – початок ХІХ ст.) відбувалася кількісна оцінка фактів господарського життя діяльності закладів освіти та якісна оцінка зареєстрованої інформації; в індустріальну епоху (кінець ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.) проводився аналіз балансу окремих закладів освіти та рахунковий аналіз; постіндустріальна епоха (друга половина ХХ ст.) ознаменувала виокремлення аналізу як окремої функції управління, відбувається розвиток двох аналітичних підходів – зовнішнього аналізу (система освіти) та внутрішнього аналізу (окремий заклад освіти). В епоху трансформації та діджиталізації економіки до рівня Industry 4.0 та Sociaty 5.0 (початок ХХІ ст.) продовжується розвиток економічного аналізу в системі освіти, з’являються дослідження з аналізу розвитку світового ринку вищої освіти, розвитку національного та регіонального ринків освітніх послуг, аналізу економічної діяльності окремих закладів освіти. Обґрунтовано, що наразі аналіз економічної діяльності в системі освіти повинен бути направлений на виявлення сильних і слабких сторін нормативно-правового забезпечення, ресурсного потенціалу (матеріально-технічного, навчально-методичного, інформаційного), формування контингенту студентів, кадрового забезпечення, наукового потенціалу, міжнародної діяльності, господарської діяльності та фінансових результатів діяльності.
This article provides an assessment of the staffing level in Ukraine’s education system by the following criteria: number of academic and teaching staff dynamics for higher education institutions of Ukraine (III–IV accreditation levels) and their concentration by regions; the dynamics of postgraduate and doctoral programs performance indicators and research degree students concentration by regions; the structure (the ratio) of full-time employees in the area of education against the overall employment structure by types of business activity; employee movement indicators in Ukraine’s education system. A comprehensive integrated assessment of quantitative and qualitative dimensions of human resources is critical in terms of reflecting the current state and trends in the education system development. Based on the evaluation results, it is revealed that the number of academic and teaching staff in education institutions tends to decrease over the years, as well as the number of employees having research degrees and academic ranks. The negative downward trend has also been observed in the number of postgraduate students in the analyzed period. It is reported that the highest concentration of personnel engaged in higher education is observed in the city of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk and Odessa regions. The Analysis of employee movement in the education sector showed that in 2018, the intensity of education staff inflow exceeded the intensity of its outflow, which is a positive trend that contributes to reducing the load per vacancy. To retain and enhance the staffing capacity, it is recommended to reduce the academic workload for University teaching staff as an incentive to facilitate their further realization as researches; create sectoral clusters with the involvement of education entities that will contribute to increasing funding for research and technological development; to motivate more active participation of higher education institutions in a range of international research programs, grant and scholarship schemes and competitions which will help to boost academic staff mobility and exchange of best practice among international partners.
Introduction. The special role of strategic management of human capital in the implementation of the mission of the enterprise is proven. Human capital is the driver of the company's development, the main alpha-stacker of business processes, which creates additional value at the micro-level of the economy. It is the strategic management of capital, first of all, human capital, that allows the enterprise to achieve the strategic mission of the enterprise's functioning. The purpose of the paper is critical evaluation of existing methods of evaluating human capital in the system of strategic management of the enterprise. Results. The elements of the structure of human capital are considered: abilities, deployment, development, skills. Existing traditional methods of evaluating human capital at the enterprise are analyzed. A model for evaluating the human capital of the enterprise was built, taking into account the elements of human capital and age. It was determined that it is the combination of quantitative and qualitative assessment that makes it possible to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional assessments of human capital. Conclusion. Numerous studies and publications pay attention to the evolution of human capital, its evaluation in the strategic management system of the enterprise. From a conceptual standpoint, human capital does not have sufficient explanatory power, the assumption that the effectiveness of economic and social development largely depends on human capital is almost unanimously accepted in scientific circles. Hence, there are also corresponding concerns of the academic, business and public business community regarding the assessment of human capital and the impact on enterprise development. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate human capital at all levels of the life cycle of an individual.
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