No abstract

These results suggest that EX and ENA have renoprotective effects. The findings also suggest that EXm+ENA provided greater renoprotective effects than those of ENA alone, and that EXm+ENA had some additional peripheral effects without any complications in this rat model.

These results suggest that both exercise and losartan have renoprotective effects, and the combination of exercise and losartan provided greater renoprotective effects than losartan alone, and may affect macrophage infiltration, mesangial activation, and podocyte loss in this model of diabetic nephropathy. It is also suggested that exercise has a specific renoprotective effect that is not related to SBP reduction, and can enhance endurance without renal complications.

Histologic localizations of terminal complement complexes (TCCs) were examined and compared with clinical findings in 154 patients with various renal diseases. Immunohistochemical demonstration of TCCs was carried out on ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded renal biopsy specimens by indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In glomerular diseases that are thought to be immune-complex glomerulonephritis (IC-GN), such as IgA-nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), TCCs were demonstrated in a pattern similar to that of immunoglobulins and C3, indicating that TCCs were induced by immune complexes. The intensity of TCC deposition was correlated with the morphologic destruction of glomeruli or serum creatinine levels in IgA-nephropathy, with urine protein in membranous nephropathy, and with serum C4 in SLE. TCC deposits without IC were also observed in tissue damages without disease specificity such as glomerular or vascular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial lesions. These findings suggested the existence of various roles of TCCs in renal injury, according to IC-mediated or non-IC-mediated mechanism acting in individual diseases.