MoCA provides more insight into the cognitive function in DR.

Purpose: To study blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) levels in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty and their effect on the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex. Methods: One hundred patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty and 50 healthy individuals who had no implants were included in the study. The patients were separated into two groups based on how long ago the prosthesis had been implanted (Group 1: 1 to 5 years; Group 2: 5 to 10 years). After a complete ophthalmological examination, retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex of the patients were evaluated with optical coherence tomography, performed on dilated pupils. To assess the metal ion levels of the patients, venous blood samples were drawn from each patient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.72 ± 6.26 years in Group 1, 67.80 ± 8.07 years in Group 2, and 63.42 ± 7.90 years in the control group. In the comparison of age and sex, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups and the control group. Co and Cr levels were statistically higher in Group 1 and Group 2 compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses and mean macular ganglion cell complex thicknesses in Group 1 and Group 2 were statistically lower than in the control group. Conclusion: Levels of Co and Cr are higher in patients who undergone total knee arthroplasty than healthy subjects, and these higher levels were associated with changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex.

Brinzolamide may cause a short-term increase in the human CCT, particularly on the first day.

A 43-year-old woman presented with a visual acuity of 1/10 in the right eye and 3/10 in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination disclosed optic disc swelling on both sides with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. The pupils were equal and reactive without an afferent pupillary defect. Visual field testing showed no significant defect in both eyes. Systemic investigations revealed no abnormality. The patient was injected with bevacizumab intravitreally with the diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy (DP). Three weeks later, the vision increased to 7/10 in the right eye and optic disc edema disappeared. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab effectively treated DP.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of apocynin (APO) on the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). New Zealand-type male rabbits were randomly grouped into three as follows: (1) Sham group rabbits which were applied intraperitoneal (i.p.) vehicle without PVR; (2) PVR group rabbits where PVR was created and an i.p. vehicle was administered for 21 successive days; (3) PVR + APO group rabbits where PVR was created and i.p. APO was administered for 21 successive days. Fundus examination was conducted with an indirect ophthalmoscope before starting the experiments and at each visit afterwards. At the end of the work, the rabbits were sacrificed under high-dose anesthesia and then eye tissues were taken for histopathological analyses. In the PVR + APO group, histopathologic and ophthalmoscopic examination revealed significant decrease in PVR formation. As the result, it has been observed that APO at least partially inhibits PVR formation.