Identifying risk and uncertainty is paramount and there are methods and tools deployed to alleviate risk and uncertainty for a supply network to be resilient (Kumar, Mangla, Kumar and Song, 2021). And supply chain orientation (SCO) is one of tools to mitigate supply chain risk and uncertainty (SCRU). The goal of the study is to identify the impact of SCO on SCRU in the dairy supply chain. And the other purpose of the study is to investigate perception differences among supply chain members (dairy farmers, dairy plants and dairy retailers) of SCO and SCRU. And scope of the study is dairy farmers, dairy plants and dairy retailers that are doing business in Erzurum dairy supply chain. And Erzurum city is chosen for the study because economic events taking place in Erzurum has wider consequences for the whole region. According to the study it is determined that there is a perception difference among dairy supply network partners of SCO and SCRU. And finally, it is determined that SCO affects dairy SCRU negatively. This means as SCO among members increases SCRU decreases in the dairy products supply network. So, SCO can be an effective tool for mitigating SCRU in the dairy products supply chain.

The goal of the current research work is examining the association between competitive advantage and country branding in view of citizens. Country branding is the core of managing which plays a vital role in managing the sustainable competitiveness of a nation. Country competitiveness is a concept which shows the degree to which a country can be differentiated from its rivals in the field of global competition. Data collected from Erzurum in Turkey and Urmia in Iran. Convenience sampling method was used in this study. Having determined the validity of data through excluding the missing inputs, 604 subjects were obtained to in order to conduct the considered analysis. Participants of the study involved 286 and 318 individuals from Turkey and Iran countries, respectively. Turkish citizens exhibited higher levels of emotional, physical, financial and social appeal than Iranian citizens. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between physical, financial and leadership components and competitive advantage in both countries.

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of perceived risk, perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use on satisfaction and intention to use in mobile shopping applications. Methodology-For testing the proposed hypotheses, a survey instrument is designed to measure different constructs. Convenience sampling method was used in this study. Data collected from Erzurum in Turkey. After the validation and cleaning of data by removal missing entries, a total of 389 respondet data points is available for carrying out further analysis. Findings-The multiple regression results show that satisfaction and intention to use are influenced by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment. Also, perceived risk have a significant effect on satisfaction whereas the effect of perceived risk is nonsignificant on intention to use. Conclusion-The seven of eight hypotheses are accepted in our model. The results show that participants have hihger perceived risk when they use to mobile shopping applications.

Smartphones increase rapidly and become high-speed mobile data networks progressively appearing everywhere in the recent years. Also, there is a large and ever increasing number of mobile phone applications on the market. In this case, consumer privacy become critically important because sellers might access a large volume of personal information. This paper attempts to identify the consumer privacy and concerns in the context of big data and to explore how consumers' demographic differences may affect their concerns for information privacy. The smartphone owners' demographic differences and their concerns over privacy are analyzed, based on a survey of 392 smartphone users in Erzurum. It has been found that consumers' demographic differences have varying degrees of impact on their concerns for information privacy in the context of big data.

No abstract