Summary Injera from tef substituted with two flaxseed forms at 3%, 6% and 9% and control injera showed substitution had a significant effect on injera proximate, energy, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolics (TP) contents and sensory acceptability. Flaxseed forms had influence on moisture, fibre, total carbohydrate (TC) and TA. With 9% flour and whole flaxseed substitution, percentage energy, moisture, ash, crude protein, fibre and TA increase were 3.5, 27.3, 25.9, 20.4, 114.3 and 10.1, respectively. TC and pH were high for control. In all injera samples, condensed tannins and free fatty acid were insignificant. With an increase in the flaxseed substitution, most sensory acceptance increased, whereas injera eyes and colour decreased and appeared superior for control (100% tef injera). The 9% flaxseed‐substituted injera showed good proximate nutritional and energy contents of functional potential of high in dietary fibre, alpha linolenic acid, lignans, proteins and TP of anti‐oxidant nature.

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder after traumatic exposure that can have long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. In 2021, Ethiopia saw the highest number of internally displaced people (IDP) due to conflict and war with the scope of the internal displacement being very high in the study area and less attention has been given to mental health. Objective To determine the prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among internally displaced people in camps at Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1–30, 2021 among 406 IDPs, who were selected by random systematic sampling from the registration and proportionally allocated to three IDP camps in Debre Berhan. Post-traumatic stress disorder was measured by the PTSD checklist (DSM-5). Data were collected through an interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaire, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Bivariate binary logistic regression was used to select candidate variables with p < 0.25. Multicollinearity was checked by using the variance inflation factor and it was less than 10. Model adequacy was checked by Hosmer & Lemeshow goodness of test (p > 0.05). In the multivariable binary logistic regression, the association between outcome and independent variables was declared at p < 0.05 with its adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence level. Results The prevalence of PTSD among the respondents was 67.5% (95% CI: 63–72). Being a merchant (AOR = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.02–0.85]), witnessing the destruction of property (AOR = 1.67 [95% CI: 1.01–2.74]), facing trauma during displacement (AOR = 6.00 [95% CI: 2.75–13.10]), frequency of displacement (AOR = 0.31 [95% CI: 0.11–0.85]), being distressed (AOR = 5.42 [95% CI: 3.25–9.05]), and unemployment (AOR = 2.09 [95% CI: 1.24–3.54]) were factors significantly associated with PTSD. Conclusion This study provides evidence of the high prevalence of PTSD among internally displaced people. Therefore, mental health and psychosocial support are urgently required to address the identified factors and help the displaced people against long-term avoidable suffering.

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Article Information There is an increased global interest in the food industry to develop and market functional foods in which scientific investigations are limited in Ethiopia. Tef injera functional character can be further enhanced by substitution with flaxseed which is known to bear functional ingredients (α-linolenic acid an ω-3 fatty acid, secoisolariciresinol diglycoside lignans, dietary fibre and proteins). Two flaxseed forms (whole and flour) and three flaxseed substitution levels (3%, 6% and 9% flaxseed) arranged in a factorial experimental design in three replications were cofermented to find out whole or flour and at what substitution level injera with better nutrient and functional potential can be processed. Tef injera (100%) was used as a control. Tef injera substituted with flaxseed (whole and flour) at 3%, 6% and 9% showed a significant (P<0.05) effect on minerals (except P), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phytic acid and microbial quality of injera. With 9% flaxseed substitution FRAP, Zn and Ca contents percentage increase were: 102, 110 and 16; whereas phytic acid and Fe decreased by 76 and 19, respectively from the control. Between 2 to 6 injera storage days, yeast-mould (2.27 to 3.93 log cfug-1) and total aerobic plate counts (ND to 3.77 log cfug-1) were lowest for 9% flaxseed substitution and highest for the control injera (2.85 to 4.08 log cfug-1 and 3.70 to 4.30 log cfug-1 , respectively). Coliforms were not detected. Whole flaxseed substituted injera had high minerals, antioxidant and microbial stability than flour flaxseed substituted injera. Injera with high minerals (except iron) and antioxidant of improved microbial stability, low phytic acid contents can be processed by 9% flaxseed substitution.