As a one of the most rapidly developing countries in Asia, there have been notable changes in Malaysian food consumption pattern. Such changes in Malaysia play an important role in the outlook for future in Malaysian agri-food industry. By using Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005 data, this study aims to build a complete demand system of food in Malaysia via Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), with incorporation of the Stone price index and the Laspeyres price index respectively. The empirical results show that the application of the Laspeyres price index produces more plausible estimates of expenditure and own-price elasticities in Malaysia. In the estimation of the LA/AIDS with incorporation of the Laspeyres price index, the estimated expenditure elasticities show that demands for meat (1.4064), fish (1.2440), vegetables (1.1729), and fruits (1.0905) are likely to grow faster than other traditional main calorie sources-rice (0.9091) and bread & other cereals (0.3177) in corresponding to positive income effect in future. This study shows that as Malaysian society becomes more affluent, Malaysian consumers are increasingly seeking for higher value protein based products, as well as functional healthy foods.

One distinct change in Malaysians' food consumption behavior has been the preference toward meat products. Thus it is meaningful to gain insight of meat consumption patterns. As the market becomes increasingly market-led, information on current meat consumption patterns is required to assess how they are likely to change as prices and incomes change. This study attempts to provide a better understanding of demand for meat products in Malaysia. By utilizing data from Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005, Engel curve analysis was conducted to derive income elasticities of meat products from QUAIDS model. The estimated income elasticities show that current food consumption patterns are showing signs of convergence toward a Western diet, exhibiting tendency for preference toward red meats (mutton and beef) over white meats (poultry and pork). The estimated elastic ownprice elasticities indicate that Malaysian consumers are sensitive to the change in prices of the meat products, with other things remain constant.

Increasing consumer preference for sustainable palm oil necessitates a paradigm shift towards certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO), and the introduction of CSPO cooking oil, with environmental attribute certification and eco-labelling, will be hallmarks of the necessary sustainability standard. In this study, we applied a choice experiment to investigate supply side consumer preferences, and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for cooking oil certified under Roundtable for Sustainable Palm oil (RSPO). Sustainability standards for the palm oil industry were introduced to address environmental issues, such as biodiversity conservation, and the harmful reduction in CO2 emission. To achieve this, we examined Malaysian consumer knowledge of the CSPO, and investigated its influence on their choice of palm oil supply value chain model, considering biodiversity conservation, CO2 reduction and the willingness to pay (WTP). The main finding of this study indicated that Malaysian consumers are willing to pay more than a 5% price premium for RSPO certified palm (cooking) oil, while the most prioritized attributes is the mass balanced supply chain model that included both moderate levels of biodiversity conservation and of CO2 emission.

Due to rapid urbanization, solid waste management (SWM) is a major challenge in Malaysia, hence the need to sustainably manage it. Compared with other states, Selangor produces the highest volume of domestic waste. Most of the state’s waste is generated in Shah Alam City. This condition is expected to worsen because the population of Shah Alam is projected to rise by 2.5% from 2018 to 2035. This situation will increase the demand for resources, production, and consumption, increasing the volume of waste generated in Shah Alam. Hence, the pressing necessity to advance from the current traditional waste management practices to a more sustainable SWM system has been identified as a key target in Shah Alam’s 2025–2030 plans. The Smart Waste Management System (SWMS) has been identified as a novel approach to dealing with the absence of route optimization, real-time information exchange, and the consequent increase in waste management costs. All of these elements have characterized the current traditional households’ SWM. However, because this method is novel, there is a dearth of knowledge on the appropriate measurement model for evaluating the dimension of households’ intention to recycle waste through source separation as well as measuring the determinants of such a pro-environmental intention under the new SWMS. Thus, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to verify the factorial structure of the variables, relying on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) based on the structural dimensions identified in prior exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The study found support for the use of TPB as a relevant framework for modeling the intention for source separation and its determinants under SWMS.

Encouraging consumers to participate in the promotion of sustainably certified palm oil production and consumption, may require their support towards the supply value chain mechanism. Value chain mechanism are often adopted to promote sustainability and assure the consumers and protect the environment from threat associated with palm oil. we applied Protection motivation theory in this research, and analyse through many set of its indicators to serve as a valuable framework to explain pro-environmental choice. There is dearth of empirical research that test the Protection Motivation Theory on the risk of unsustainable oil palm and its consequences. We equally adopted Structural Equation Model approach, and surveyed 332 consumers in Klang Valley Malaysia. And finally we access the perception of the consumers towards exposure to environmental threat caused by uncertified oil palm production, and coping strategy they adopt to minimize the threat. Though, consumers did not perceived high threat from the uncertified oil palm production, because they trust their perceived self-efficacy and response efficacy to cope up with the consequences of uncertified oil palms. However, even though they indicates, absence of institutional arrangement such as RSPO can expose them to threat of uncertified oil palm, but they perceive the coping strategy adopted by Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was not adequately effectively to ensure compliance with RSPO principles, that would not address the problems associated with uncertified oil palms.