Background: The prevalence of pterygium varies widely across the globe implying various risk factors which are regionspecific. Hardly any data is available about the north-eastern part of India. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of pterygium and also to determine its associated risk factors in the central part of Manipur state. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in May-Sept 2015 in ten randomly selected residential areas of Imphal East and Imphal West districts of Manipur. 1200 randomly selected eligible adults aged 20 years or more were interviewed for their background socio-economic characteristics and other potential risk factors of pterygium and later a comprehensive eye examination was done. Results: The prevalence of pterygium was found to be 12.5%. It was more among the younger age group (p=0.001), those working outdoors (p=0.001) and those belonging to low income group (p=0.001). It was found to be equally distributed among the two sexes and also among tobacco smokers and non-smokers. Milder forms of the disease were found among low income groups and non-smokers whereas severer forms were found among people who worked outdoors. Conclusion: The relationship between pterygium and outdoor activity was reaffirmed from the current study findings.

Background: HIV infection/AIDS is becoming a public health hazard globally. Ocular complications of HIV/AIDS are very common and its severity increases as the disease progresses and ultimately leads to blindness. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and type of ocular complications in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on patients with HIV infection/AIDS who attended or referred to eye OPD and also cases from General Medicine ward of JNIMS. A complete ophthalmic evaluation of both anterior and posterior segments was conducted. HIV sero-positivity was established by ELISA and confirmed by Western Blot in all cases. Results: The majority of the patients were in the age group of 21-40yrs. The prevalence of ocular involvement was 47%. The commonest involvement was on posterior segment with HIV retinopathy and cotton wool spots (20%) and CMV retinitis (5%). Anterior segment involvement was 18% with conjunctival micro-vasculopathy being the commonest (8%) and HZO in 5 cases. Conclusion: HIV infection is fairly common in Manipur among the age group of 20-40yrs., IDU being the commonest route of infection. Ocular involvement occurred in 47% of cases and it may be the first manifestation. So, the ophthalmologist must be aware for prompt treatment and prevention of visual disabilities.