Researchers are interested in green technology because it is a low-risk, eco-friendly and affordable way to biosynthesize nanoparticles (NPs). Copper nitrate trihydrate and Nigella sativa extract were used as a reducing and capping agent during the manufacture of copper oxide (CuO) NPs in this investigation. The biosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The good crystalline nature perfectly matches the monoclinic structure of bulk CuO. The results obtained from TEM also showed that CuO NPs were semi-spherical in shape, while the zeta potential characterization indicated that the prepared particles have low stability. Moreover, CuO NPs showed good antimicrobial activity.

In the most recent few years, there has been a significant uptick in curiosity regarding the process of manufacturing metal oxide nanoparticles by making use of the extract of various plant components. The generated iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrate validity for use in biomedical applications. In the work that we are presenting here, we use the extract of Nigella sativa seeds to carry out an environmentally friendly iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis (Fe2O3 NPs). Advanced diagnostic tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation, and others were utilized in order to perform structural characterization on the generated Fe2O3 NPs. According to the preliminary findings, the particles have a semispherical form with an average particle size that falls between 15[Formula: see text]nm and 20[Formula: see text]nm. Phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols, are extremely important contributors to the production of iron oxide nanoparticles. Since the findings of the antimicrobial investigation were highly encouraging, the antimicrobial activity of the iron oxide particles that were created was investigated to see if they might inhibit the growth of specific bacterial and fungal pathogens.