-The timing of seed treatment application is important to keep soybean seeds quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was verify the effect of fungicides and insecticides treatment in soybean seeds quality before and after storage. Seeds of NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were utilized and analyses separately, through a factorial scheme 3x6, with three application moments: treated and assessed; treated, stored and assessed; stored, treated and assessed; and six combination of fungicides and insecticides:
Harvest of maize seeds with high moisture levels has been recommended; nevertheless, after harvest, the ears undergo the process of husking and there is a need to assess the compatibility of these processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mechanical husking on the quality of maize seeds collected at high moisture levels. Dent BM 3061 hybrid maize seeds, manually collected from the ear, with moisture contents of 45%, 40% and 35%, and a 20/64 round sieve were used. The ears were mechanically husked (CWA machine, 312 rpm), dried in a stationary drier at 35 ⁰C until reaching 22% moisture, followed by drying at 42 ºC until reaching 12%. Then, they underwent shelling, followed by a chemical treatment with Maxin® + K-obiol® + Actellic®. Seed quality was assessed according to the occurrence tests of mechanical damage, first count, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, average emergence time, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, cold test, and seed health test at every quarter for 9 months. The mechanical husking affects maize seed quality, depending on the degree of seed moisture at harvest and on the material studied. This hybrid's seeds can be collected with seed moisture levels at 40% with the use of mechanical husking.
Resumo: A crescente demanda por forrageiras tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento da indústria sementeira no Brasil que busca oferecer sementes de qualidade com valor agregado por meio de tecnologias. O cultivar Mulato II é a primeira espécie híbrida de braquiária comercializada no Brasil. Foi desenvolvido a partir do cruzamento de três espécies de Urochloa (U. brizantha x U. decumbens x U. ruziziensis). O revestimento de sementes é uma técnica de tratamento na pré-semeadura capaz de melhorar o desempenho das plantas no campo. Porém, o revestimento pode acarretar problemas com relação à qualidade das sementes. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito do revestimento de sementes sob a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, da Universidade Federal de Lavras -MG, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6x2, sendo seis lotes de sementes, sem e com incrustação. Os testes fisiológicos utilizados foram: germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, tetrazólio e análise da enzima α-amilase. O revestimento das sementes de Braquiária híbrida cv. Mulato II reduz a viabilidade, a velocidade de germinação, a germinação, a velocidade de emergência de plântulas e a porcentagem de plântulas emergidas da espécie, comprovada pela redução da expressão da enzima α-amilase. Palavras-chave: Brachiaria. Incrustamento. Tratamento pré-semeadura. Abstract:The increasing demand for fodder has driven development of the seed industry in Brazil, which seeks to provide value-added quality seeds by means of technology. The Mulato II cultivar is the first hybrid species of brachiaria to be marketed in Brazil. It was developed from the crossing of three species of Urochloa (U. brizantha x U. decumbens x U. ruziziensis). Coating seeds is a pre-sowing technique, which is able to improve plant performance in the field. However, the coating can lead to problems of seed quality. Given the above, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of seed coating on physiological quality in seeds of the hybrid brachiaria cv. Mulato II. The research was carried out at the Laboratory for Seed Analysis of the Federal University of Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, (MG), using a completely randomised design, in a 6 x 2 factorial, six seed batches, with and without incrustation. The physiological tests carried out were: germination, emergence, speed of emergence index, average time of emergence, tetrazolium, and α-amylase (enzyme) analysis. Seed coating in the hybrid brachiaria cv. Mulato II reduces viability, speed of germination, germination, speed of seedling emergence and the percentage of emerged seedlings, demonstrated by a reduced expression of the α-amylase enzyme.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of fungicide application (PrioriXtra®, azoxystrobin + ciproconazole) and defense activator (Bion®, acibenzolar-S-methyl) on the control of Asiatic rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), as well as the effect of the disease on the quality of soybean seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 4 X 10 with three replications, with four soybean breeding lines, two disease-tolerant and two susceptible and ten managements of rust control, using the products Bion®, Priori Xtra® and their combination, applied once, twice and three times, and a control. It evaluated the rate of normalized difference vegetation, productivity, mass of 1000 seeds and seed quality by means of the germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging and seed health tests. The use of the defense activator alone in the maximum of three applications is not effective in controlling rust. The fungicide used in conjunction or not with the defense activator is effective in controlling rust and improving seed quality, when used with three foliar applications. The defoliation caused by rust affects considerably the formation of seeds, as well as productivity and also the percentage of germination and seedling emergence, and is influenced by genotype.Index terms: acibenzolar-S-methyl, azoxystrobin + ciproconazole, Glycine max, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, physiological potential.Ação de ativador de defesa e fungicida foliar no controle da ferrugem asiática, na produção e na qualidade das sementes de soja RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de ativador de defesa (Bion®, acibenzolar-S-metil) e fungicida foliar (Priori Xtra®, azoxystrobin + ciproconazole) no controle da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) e o efeito da doença sobre a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes de soja. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 X 10 com três repetições, envolvendo quatro linhagens de soja, duas tolerantes e duas suscetíveis à ferrugem e dez manejos de controle, com a utilização de Bion® e Priori Xtra® e a combinação dos mesmos, aplicados uma, duas e três vezes, e uma testemunha. Avaliou-se o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada, produtividade, massa de mil sementes e qualidade das sementes por meio dos testes de germinação, emergência de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado e sanidade. A utilização de apenas ativador de defesa no número máximo de três aplicações não é eficiente no controle da ferrugem asiática. O fungicida utilizado em conjunto ou não com o ativador de defesa é eficaz no controle da doença e na melhoria da qualidade das sementes, quando em três aplicações. A desfolha causada pela ferrugem afeta a formação das sementes de soja, a produtividade e as porcentagens de germinação e emergência de plântulas, sendo influenciada pelo genótipo.Termos para indexação: acibenzolar-S-metil, azoxystrobin + ciproconazole, Glycine max, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, potencial fisiológico.
RESUMO -O Mn pode estar associado à resistência das plantas aos fungos, por meio da lignificação ou inibição direta. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a aplicação foliar de Mn sobre a incidência de fungos, teores de Mn e de lignina nas sementes de soja oriundas de cultivares convencionais e de suas derivadas transgênicas resistentes ao glifosato (RR). O ensaio foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Lavras, em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 2, sendo quatro cultivares de soja, duas convencionais e suas derivadas RR (BRS Celeste e BRS Baliza RR; BRSGO Jataí e BRS Silvânia RR), quatro doses de Mn via foliar (0; 200; 400 e 600 g Mn ha -1 ) e dois estádios de aplicação (R 1 ou R 3 ). Antes e após seis meses de armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de sanidade (Blotter test). Foram determinados os teores de Mn nas sementes e de lignina no tegumento. Verificou-se que a aplicação foliar de Mn proporciona menores incidências de Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium spp. e Aspergillus spp. nas sementes de soja produzidas. O Mn aplicado via foliar na soja, tanto no estádio R 1 como em R 3 , transloca até as sementes, mas não afeta a produção de lignina no tegumento das mesmas. Os teores de lignina no tegumento das sementes de soja são inferiores nas cultivares convencionais, Celeste e Jataí, em relação às suas derivadas transgênicas resistentes ao glifosato, Baliza RR e Silvânia RR. ABSTRACT -Manganese may be associated with plant resistance to fungi, either through lignification or direct inhibition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the foliar application of Mn on the incidence of fungi and the levels of Mn and lignin in soybean seeds from conventional cultivars and their transgenic glyphosate-resistant derivatives (RR). The test was conducted at the Federal University of Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using a randomized block design with three replications in a 4 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme, comprising four soybean cultivars, two conventional and their RR derivatives (BRS Celeste and BRS Baliza RR; BRSGO Jataí and BRS Silvânia RR), four foliar dosages of Mn (0, 200, 400 and 600 g Mn ha -1 ) and two application stages (R 1 and R 3 ). Prior to, and after six months of storage, the seeds were subjected to a health test (Blotter test). The levels of Mn in the seeds and lignin in the seed coat were determined. It was found that foliar application of manganese affords a lower incidence of Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. in the soybean seeds produced. Foliar applications of Mn in the soybean, both at the R 1 and R 3 stages, translocates to the seeds, but does not affect lignin production in the seed coat. Levels of lignin in the seed coat of the soybean are lower in the conventional cultivars, Celeste and Jataí, in relation to their transgenic glyphosate-resistant derivatives, Baliza RR and Silvânia RR. Palavras
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