OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of air pollution on birth weight in a medium-sized town in the State of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from live births of mothers residing in São José dos Campos from 2005 to 2009. Data was obtained from the Department of Information and Computing of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Air pollutant data (PM10, SO2, and O3) and daily averages of their concentrations were obtained from the Environmental Sanitation & Technology Company. Statistical analysis was performed by linear and logistic regressions using the Excel and STATA v.7 software programs. RESULTS: Maternal exposure to air pollutants was not associated with low birth weight, with the exception of exposure to SO2 within the last month of pregnancy (OR=1.25; 95% CI=1.00-1.56). Maternal exposure to PM10 and SO2 during the last month of pregnancy led to lower weight at birth (0.28g and 3.15g, respectively) for each 1mg/m3 increase in the concentration of these pollutants, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to identify a statistically significant association between the levels of air pollutants and birth weight, with the exception of exposure to SO2 within the last month of pregnancy.

The survey results indicate that maternal exposure to air pollution in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy for residents of São José dos Campos create considerable potential to cause insufficient weight.

The objective of this time-series study carried out in São José dos Campos, a southeastern Brazilian city, between 01. 01.2005 and 31.12.2009, was to estimate the role of maternal exposure to air pollutants and preterm births. Preterm newborns of mothers aged between 18 and 34 years, with at least eight years of schooling, singleton pregnancies and whose delivery was vaginal were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the role of particulate matter, ozone and sulfur dioxide on preterm delivery with lags of zero up to 30 days. Exposure to particulate matter was associated significantly with preterm newborns in lags of 0, 1 and 3 days; but no association was found between cumulative maternal exposure in lags of 7, 15 and 30 days and the outcome. Maternal exposure to particulate matter therefore has an acute effect on preterm births in a medium-sized Brazilian town. Associação entre a exposição materna ao material particulado e parto prematuro RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo de séries temporais desenvolvido em São José dos Campos, localizada sudeste do Brasil, entre 01.01.2005 e 31.12.2009, foi estimar o papel da exposição materna aos poluentes do ar e partos prematuros. Recém-nascidos prematuros de mães com idade entre 18 e 34 anos, com pelo menos oito anos de escolaridade, gestações únicas e cujo parto foi vaginal foram incluídos no estudo. A regressão logística foi utilizada para estimar o papel da exposição ao material particulado, ozônio e dióxido de enxofre em trabalho de parto prematuro com defasagens de zero até 30 dias. Exposição ao material particulado esteve associada significativamente com partos prematuros em lag 0, 1 e 3, mas não houve associação entre a exposição materna acumulada sete, 15 e 30 dias antes do parto e o desfecho. Assim, a exposição materna ao material particulado tem um efeito agudo em recém-nascidos prematuros em uma cidade de brasileira de porte médio.Palavras-chave: poluentes do ar, parto prematuro, regressão logística, material particulado, poluição do ar. 28Thaiza Agostini Córdoba de Lima et al.Rev. Ambient. Água vol. 9 n.

This study failed to identify a statistically significant association between the levels of air pollutants and birth weight, with the exception of exposure to SO within the last month of pregnancy.

Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies have been developed for migraine preventive treatment. There is evidence of good efficacy and safety of these medications; however, cost is a factor that interferes with the choice of treatment. This paper proposes a framework in order to better assist the decision-making processes on the use of these drugs in developing countries without coverage of health care costs for migraine. The framework was built after reviewing phase II and III studies on episodic and chronic migraine treatment with erenumab, galcanezumab and fremanezumab.