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Bucket handle tear commonly involved the medial meniscus but lateral meniscus are also involved though less commonly. The characteristic imaging appearance on MRI are important to diagnose the condition.

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) leads to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that significantly impacts patients over an entire lifetime. The decrease in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may have an impact on patient’s level of functioning, work productivity, and other activities. The goal of treatment for CD is clinical remission based on clinical, endoscopic, and biological parameters. There has been introduction of new treatments in recent years. A review was conducted to assess the impact of non-remission on HRQoL and patient reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with CD. METHODS: Literature search of English language publications from 2015-2021 was conducted in Embase® and MEDLINE®. Real world studies meeting predefined criteria (adult CD patients in non-remission presenting data for HRQoL or PROs) were included in the review. Data on study characteristics, disease characteristics, HRQoL and PROs were extracted from the included studies. RESULTS: The review retrieved 1384 records from which only 10 studies presented data for HRQoL and/or PROs. The definition of remission varied across the included studies. In most studies (90%), remission was defined using Harvey-Bradshaw Index and/or Crohn's disease activity index. Different tools were used to assess HRQoL and sleep quality. In a study, no normalization of long-term HRQoL was observed in patients who did not achieve clinical remission. A negative correlation was found between utility indexes & disease activity in a study (ρ = -0.586, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was also observed in a study between HRQoL and disease activity where HRQoL in patients with active disease was poor compared to patients in remission. The HRQoL domains of anxiety, depression and pain were impacted in non-remitters. The mean IBDQ score was 189 ± 16.1 in remitters and 145 ± 15.9 in non-remitters (p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation between IBDQ and disease activity was reported by a study. In a study, work productivity was moderately but significantly correlated with disease activity indicating reduction in work productivity of patients with active disease (mild, moderate, and severe) compared to remitters. In another study, severe disease activity was significantly associated with an increased amount of fragmented sleep. Patients with moderate to severe disease had a significantly longer time awake after falling asleep compared to patients in remission or with mild disease activity (65.8 minutes, 44.3 minutes, 49.1 minutes, respectively). Patients with active disease also reported poor sleep quality and suffered from excessive daytime sleepiness. There was a significant difference in the median sleep efficiency for patients with moderate to severe disease compared to patients with remission. CONCLUSION: This targeted review found in general that not being able to achieve/maintain remission had an impact on the HRQoL of patients with CD. Patients not achieving remission were associated with decreased work productivity, poor sleep quality, lower sleep efficiency, daytime sleepiness and poor HRQoL. However, studies assessing HRQoL and PROs in the real-world are scarce, with discrepancies based on remission status. Further research is warranted, and health care providers and payers should consider the impact of therapies on the improvement in HRQoL of patients with CD.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) has been rising globally. Patients with CD are at an increased risk of mortality compared to general population. The goal of treatment for CD is clinical remission based on clinical, endoscopic, and biological parameters. There has been introduction of new treatments in recent years. A review was conducted to assess the impact of non-remission on cost and resource use in patients with CD. METHODS: Literature search of English language publications from 2015-2021 was conducted in Embase® and MEDLINE®. Real world studies meeting predefined review criteria were included and data were extracted in pre-defined extraction form. RESULTS: The review retrieved 1384 records; 24 fulfilled eligibility criteria. The definition of remission varied across the included studies. In most studies (66.67%), remission was defined using Crohn's disease activity index and/or Harvey-Bradshaw Index. Among included evidence, 21 studies reported proportion of non-remitters undergoing surgery, 11 studies reported the data for hospitalizations and 2 studies reported cost of treatment for non-remitters. Proportion of non-remitters requiring hospitalizations ranged from 6.7% to 30.6%. Univariate analysis suggested that deep remission was significantly associated with lower hazards for being hospitalized (HR: 0.18 [95%CI: 0.08, 0.25]); suggesting a significantly higher risk of hospitalization in non-remitters. In a study, the mean duration of cumulative hospital stays was significantly higher in patients with a pathological MRI (19.7 ± 7.4 days) compared to patients in deep remission (0.75 ± 0.52 days, p < 0.05). The proportion of non-remitters undergoing surgery ranged from 1.5% to 57%. The proportion of patients undergoing surgery were high in non-remitters compared to remitters. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was needed in 4.1% non-remitters and repeat surgery in 3.5% non-remitters. In a study, surgery was required by 11.6% patients with no healing (due to refractory strictures, penetrating complications, and severe refractory disease) and 11.5% patients presenting with mucosal healing (due to structuring and penetrating complications), while no patient with transmural healing required surgery. Non-remission led to higher total costs, especially in patients undergoing surgery or dependent on in-hospital administrated drugs. The costs were 4 to 6 times higher in patients in an active period and 19 times higher for patients requiring surgery compared to patients in remission. Adjusted total indirect cost among participants with disease remission was reduced by 60% compared to patients with active disease (€243.44 per patient per month, p < 0.001). The number of consultations in the last month, monthly consultation cost, current treatment cost, amount of benefits from public organisations, and self-reported expenses on all categories were significantly higher in non-remitters compared to patients in remission. CONCLUSION: This targeted review found in general that not being able to achieve/maintain remission has an impact on the economic outcomes of patients with CD. Non-remission in patients with CD was associated with an increased number of hospitalizations and surgeries. The cost of treatment for non-remitters was significantly higher than patients in remission. None of the studies presented data for patients who respond to treatment but are not able to achieve remission. Further research is warranted in these patients.