BACKGROUNDAgeing is a complex process that is due to accumulation of molecular damage overtime. Ageing skin is susceptible to dermatological disorders due to structural and physiological changes that occur as a result of intrinsic or extrinsic ageing. The present study was undertaken to describe the frequency and clinical pattern of cutaneous manifestations in elderly population. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis descriptive study was carried on elderly, aged above 60 years. A total of 200 patients were included in the study. RESULTSIn this descriptive study, wrinkling of skin was the most common finding followed by xerosis among skin changes associated with ageing. Among pathological skin changes, eczematous skin condition was the most common. Among infections, fungal infections was the most common followed by bacterial and viral. Among papulosquamous disorders psoriasis was the most common and among tumours cherry angioma was the most common. CONCLUSIONWith ageing, there are so many cutaneous changes that it becomes difficult to delineate physiological from pathological changes. Intrinsic physiological changes in epidermis, dermis vasculature and skin appendages by themselves cause most of the changes. KEYWORDSAgeing, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Cutaneous Changes. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Singh TR, Singh S. A clinicoepidemiological study of cutaneous manifestations in geriatric age group.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is an ill-defined heterogeneous condition with a complex pathophysiology and is one of the commonest endocrine/metabolic disorders, affecting 6-10% of women in their reproductive age. Polycystic ovarian disease is the most common endocrine cause of hirsutism, acne and androgenic alopecia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Informed oral consent was obtained from all subjects after explanation of the nature and purpose of the study. A special case proforma was prepared to record the demographic data, complaints, history, clinical examination and results of investigations. A detailed history regarding menstrual irregularities, reproductive function, hirsutism, acne, androgenic alopecia, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, seborrhoea and other skin changes. Patients were also enquired about use of cosmetics, hoarseness of voice, headache, milky discharge from breast, mass over anterior neck, weight gain, diet, exercise, use of any medications or other forms of treatment, any stress/illness, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Family history of polycystic ovarian disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome and cancers was also taken. Menstrual and obstetric history and any medical or surgical illness was recorded. Other causes of acne, hirsutism and alopecia were excluded by appropriate history and examination. All subjects underwent a detailed clinical examination with special reference to the following parameters: Hirsutism scoring was done using modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG score) and it was classified as mild (mFG score 9-16), moderate (mFG score 17-25) and severe (mFG score 26-36). Acne was graded as done by Indian authors using a simple grading system, which classifies acne vulgaris into four grades. Androgenic alopecia was looked for and graded as per Sinclair scale. It was also further classified as Ludwig type, Norwood Hamilton type and Olsen type. Acanthosis nigricans was looked for at multiple sites as neck, axilla, submammary area, intermammary areas, groins, elbows, knees, knuckles, dorsum of feet, cubital and popliteal fossa, periumbilical area, face-lips and eyelids. Other causes of the above symptoms and signs were excluded. Entire skin, hair, nails and mucosae were examined for any abnormality. Genitals were checked for any clitoromegaly or vulvar acanthosis. Galactorrhoea and thyroid fullness was looked for. RESULTS The peak incidence of polycystic ovarian disease was seen in patients with age group of 21-25 years followed by 26-30 years. Among the dermatologic and gynaecological complaints, hirsutism, i.e. a cutaneous manifestation was the most common, seen in upto 84% of the women and showed varying severity. The mean Ferriman-Gallwey score was 16.8 +/-5.39. Hirsutism was most commonly found over the upper lip and lower abdomen followed by thighs, upper abdomen and lower back, chest and upper back, chin and upper arms. Acne was seen in 70% of the patients. Grade II severity acne was the ...