ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as diferentes microestruturas do aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32304 obtidas pelo processo de soldagem Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). As regiões do metal base, zona fundida e zona afetada pelo calor foram investigadas nos corpos de prova com diferentes aportes térmicos. As microestruturas obtidas foram caracterizadas utilizando-se a microscopia óptica (MO). As imagens de Mo obtidas na zona afetada pelo calor mostram que a fração de austenita aumentou com o aumento do aporte térmico. Este aumento está relacionado ao alto teor de cromo e molibdênio presentes no metal de adição utilizado na soldagem. Na zona fundida, a fração de austenita de widmansttaten foi observada com maior frequência na microestrutura do corpo de prova soldado com o aporte térmico de 1,87KJ/mm. Essa maior fração de austenita de widmansttaten observada para o aporte térmico de 1,87KJ/mm está relacionada com o maior tempo de permanência em altas temperaturas deste corpo de prova em relação aos outros corpos de prova investigados. Vale ressaltar que a adição de nitrogênio também promove a formação desta fase. De modo geral, os resultados da metalografia quantitativa mostram que a porcentagem de ferrita foi superior a 65% nas zonas termicamente afetadas e fundidas. Palavras-chave: Aços inoxidáveis duplex; Soldagem; GMAW; Fase sigma; Microestrutura. MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL UNS S32304SUBMITTED TO GMAW WELDING PROCESS. Abstract The microstructures of the duplex stainless steel obtained by the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) were evaluated. The base metal, fusion zone and the heat-affected zone were investigated in the samples with different heat inputs. The microstructures were characterized using light microscopy (LM). The LM images obtained in the heat-affected zone shows that the austenite volume fraction increased with the heat input increase. This increase is related to high contents of the chromium and molybdenum present in the filler metal used in welding. The fusion zone, the widmansttaten austenite volume fraction was observed more frequently in the microstructure with heat input of 1,87KJ/mm. This higher widmansttaten austenite volume fraction with the heat input of 1,87KJ/mm is related to the higher cooling time at high temperatures in this sample in relationship to the others investigated samples. It is noteworthy that the addition of nitrogen also promotes this phase. In general, the results of the quantitative metallography showed that the percentage of ferrite was greater than 65% in the heataffected and fusion zones. Keywords: UNS 32304; Welding microstructure; GMAW; Sigma-phase; Microestruture. UFF, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brasil. 3 Graduando em engenharia metalúrgica, UFF, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brasil. 731
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