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RESUMOObjetivou-se, aqui, avaliar o crescimento, as alterações nas trocas gasosas e a produtividade do pinhão-manso fertirrigado com diferentes concentrações de biofertilizante bovino. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental da UFC, em Fortaleza-CE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 = 0% (testemunha), T2 = 12,5%, T3 = 25%, T4 = 50% e T5 = 100% do biofertilizante. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de ramos, transpiração, condutância estomática, fotossíntese, número de frutos por planta, peso do fruto, diâmetro do fruto, peso de 100 sementes e produtividade. A concentração de 100% de biofertilizante bovino, aplicada via fertirrigação, influenciou positivamente no crescimento das plantas em altura de planta, diâmetro do caule e número de ramos. O uso do biofertilizante aumenta a fotossíntese e a clorofila em plantas de pinhão-manso. A concentração de biofertilizante de 100% proporcionou a maior produtividade do pinhão-manso após o primeiro ano de cultivo em vaso, obtendo-se 1.533,62 g planta -1 .Palavras-chave: adubação orgânica, fotossíntese, Jatropha curcas L.Fertigation with bovine biofertilizer: Effects on growth, gas exchange and yield of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, gas exchange and yield of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) fertigated with different concentrations of bovine biofertilizer. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal do Ceará in Fortaleza/CE (Brazil). The transplanting of seedlings was done into 100 L pots, filled with Alfisol. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of fertigation with the following bovine biofertilizer/water concentrations: T1 = 0% (control), T2 = 12.5%, T3 = 25%, T4 = 50%, T5 = 100%. The variables analysed were plant height, stem diameter, number of bifurcations, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter, 100 seed weight and yield. The concentration of 100% of biofertilizer applied through fertigation positively influences plant growth in plant height, stem diameter and number of branches. The biofertilizer can be used as a source of nutrients in the first year of cultivation of physic nut. The use of biofertilizers through fertigation increases photosynthesis and chlorophyll in plants of physic nut. The treatment of biofertilizer 100% (T5) provided the highest productivity of physic nut after the first year of cultivation in pots, yielding 1533.62 g plant -1 .

Yield and quality of melon fruits depending on types and doses of biofertilizersMelon (Cucumis melo) has a high demand of mineral fertilization, suggesting the possibility of using alternative products such as biofertilizers. In this experiment we evaluated the yield and postharvest of the melon crop, cv. Mirage (Harper), subjected to different doses (and types) of biofertilizers. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4×2+2 factorial arrangement, with treatments constituted of four doses of biofertilizers (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L/week), two types of liquid biofertilizers (mixed aerobically fermented biofertilizer and pure anaerobically fermented bovine biofertilizer) with two additional treatments: control and recommended mineral fertilization. We analyzed yield, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, pulp thickness and central cavity. The mixed biofertilizer was more efficient than pure bovine biofertilizer for most of the analyzed variables. The highest melon yield (32.62 t/ha) was achieved with a dose of 1.08 L/plant/week for mixed biofertilizer and 1.41 L/plant/ week for pure bovine biofertilizer (25.87 t/ha). Both the mixed biofertilizer and the pure bovine biofertilizer, at the rate (dose) of 2.0 L/plant/week were better than the control and better than mineral fertilization by the criterion of pulp thickness and central cavity.

IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NA CULTURA DO GIRASSOL (Helianthus Annuus L.) EM SOLO COM BIOFERTILIZANTE BOVINO  KRISHNA RIBEIRO GOMES1; GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2; FRANCISCO ALDIEL LIMA3; THALES VINICIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA4; BENITO MOREIRA DE AZEVEDO4 E GIOVANA LOPES DA SILVA6 1 Engenheira Agrônoma, Doutoranda, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. de las Peñas, km 3,2, krishnaribeiro@yahoo.com.br2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Professor Adjunto I, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, CE, e-mail:sousagg@unilab.edu.br3 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, e-mail: aldiel_metal@hotmail.com4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, e-mail: benitoazevedo@hotmail.com; thales@ufc.br6 Engenheira Agrônoma, Profa. do curso de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária, FANOR, Campus das Dunas, Fortaleza, CE, e-mial: gisolos@hotmail.com  1 RESUMO Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento inicial e as trocas gasosas da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) irrigada com diferentes níveis de salinidade em solo com e sem biofertilizante bovino. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Estação Agrometeorológica, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, no período de setembro a novembro de 2012. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco repetições, referente aos valores de cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação: 0,8; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1, em solo sem e com biofertilizante bovino, aplicado de uma única vez, ao nível de 10% do volume do substrato, três dias antes da semeadura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, temperatura da folha, concentração interna de CO2, transpiração das plantas, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. O estresse salino afetou o diâmetro do caule, a área foliar e o número de folhas de plantas do girassol, sendo em menor intensidade no solo com o biofertilizante bovino. O biofertilizante bovino diminuiu os efeitos negativos das concentrações crescentes de sais na água de irrigação na matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca da raiz e matéria seca total de plantas de girassol.  Palavras-chave: estresse salino, índices fisiológicos, insumo orgânico  GOMES, K. R., SOUSA, G. G., LIMA, F. A., VIANA, T. V. A., AZEVEDO, B. M., SILVA, G. L.SALINE IRRIGATION OF  SUNFLOWER  (Helianthus Annuus L.) IN SOIL WITH BOVINE BIOFERTILIZER   2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate  initial growth and gas exchanges of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) irrigated with different salt concentrations in soil treated with and without bovine biofertilizer.  The experiment was conducted at the experimental area in the  Agrometeorological station, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, from September to November 2012. Treatments were arranged   in a completely  randomized 5 x 2 factorial design, with five replicates referring to  five electrical conductivity values of  irrigated water.:  0.8;1.5;3.0;4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, in soil with and without bovine biofertilizer. The latter was applied only once, at 10% substrate volume, three days before sowing.  The following parameters were evaluated: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter , leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, plant transpiration, shoot,  root and total dry matter. Salt stress affected stem diameter, leaf area and number of leaves of sunflower plants, and in a  lesser degree,  in the  soil with bovine biofertilizer. Bovine biofertilizer also reduced the negative effects of increasing salt concentrations in the irrigation water observed in shoot, root and total dry matter of sunflower plants.   Keywords: salt stress, physiological indices, organic fertilizer.

The experimental design was a completely randomized treatment in a 5x3 factorial arrangement, with five replications. The treatments were composed by five levels of electrical conductivity from the irrigation water-Ecw: 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 , applied in vessels without and with bovine and goat biofertilizer. The following variables were analyzed: the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot and root dry weight, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance. Goat biofertilizer attenuated the saline stress with more efficiency for the growth and dry weight variables. Plants fertilized with bovine biofertilizer have higher values of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance than the plants with goat manure.