The present study examined whether romantic disengagement decreases over the course of couple therapy and whether attachment insecurities are associated with partners' levels of romantic disengagement after 15 weeks of couple therapy. Participants included 163 mixed-sex couples seeking couple therapy in a private psychotherapy clinic, and 11 therapists using primarily Emotionally Focused Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy modalities. Partners completed the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire at intake and the Romantic Disengagement Scale at intake and 15 weeks into therapy. Depression and relationship satisfaction scores were also obtained and controlled for in the analyses. Results of a repeated-measure ANCOVA revealed an overall decrease in both partners' level of disengagement when couples undergo 15 weeks of therapy. Findings, however, suggest that attachment insecurities play a role in the extent to which men's level of disengagement decreases over the course of couple therapy. Path analyses revealed that men higher on attachment avoidance reported greater romantic disengagement at follow-up. Findings are discussed in light of clinical interventions for couple therapy.
Research has rarely considered intermediate variables in the association between attachment insecurities and relationship commitment. Based on attachment theory and Rusbult's Investment Model, we tested whether positive and negative partner behaviors explain this association in 91 distressed couples undergoing therapy. Path analyses based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model revealed that individuals with attachment avoidance reported perceiving fewer positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated with their own higher under-commitment. Partners of individuals with avoidance also reported perceiving fewer positive partner behaviors, which was in turn associated with their own higher under-commitment. Partners of individuals with attachment anxiety perceived more positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated to their own lower undercommitment. Perceived negative partner behaviors were only directly associated with higher undercommitment. These findings imply that perceived positive partner behaviors may be a key aspect to
Diverses disciplines se sont intéressées à l’anorexie mentale au cours des dernières décennies et ont proposé différents modèles pour l’expliquer. Celui qui domine actuellement, le modèle biopsychosocial, permet de comprendre comment ce problème se met en place au niveau proximal. Toutefois, une question perdure : existe-t-il une fonction biologique à ce trouble? Il s’agit de l’énigme que les chercheurs adoptant une perspective évolutionniste ont tenté de résoudre. Plusieurs hypothèses ont été proposées et celles-ci seront revues et critiquées dans le cadre de cet article. Ensuite, une hypothèse alternative, l’hypothèse de la compétition intrasexuelle pour le rang, sera présentée et visera à accroître la valeur explicative des modèles proposés. Il sera argumenté que la restriction alimentaire et les troubles qui en découlent sont des sous-produits de l’intensification de la compétition entre les femmes dans la culture occidentale moderne. Alors qu’il aurait autrefois été adaptatif pour les femmes de compétitionner avec leurs consoeurs dans le but de correspondre aux traits physiques et psychologiques jugés désirables dans leur culture, ce mécanisme serait devenu hors de contrôle dans une société dont les critères de beauté sont irréalistes, voire inatteignables, et dans laquelle la minceur est glorifiée. La perspective évolutionniste, bien que parfois méconnue, a le mérite d’amener un point de vue novateur qui stimule la réflexion théorique à un niveau d’analyse différent, mais complémentaire, à ce que proposent les approches conventionnelles.
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