Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e total em crianças até 2 anos de idade atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Recife-PE. Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira e Upinha Novo Prado. A população foi composta por crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade. Foram avaliadas 141 crianças, das quais 54,6% eram do sexo feminino, 22% tinham idade ≤ 6 meses, 21,3% entre 7 a 12 meses e 56,7% entre 13 e 24 meses. Ao analisar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total, verificou-se a mediana de 60,84 e 182,52 dias, respectivamente. Crianças do sexo masculino, uso de chupeta e mamadeira foram associados ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Objective Between 2010 and 2017, it was registered one of the most intense droughts in the Brazilian Northeastern Semiarid region, when the rainfall was below the historical level for the region. This context was related to water scarcity for human consumption and productive activities in this territory, where the semiarid backlands of the state of Pernambuco are located. The objective of this study was to assess the condition of food security and its associated factors in areas affected by drought in the semiarid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods It was a cross-sectional study on a populational base. Data were collected by socioeconomic and demographic surveys, and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, which were applied to 252 households, from September to October 2015. The data was analyzed by socioeconomic and demographic characterization of the households, and the identification of the food insecurity prevalence and its associated factors, by Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of food insecurity was high (74.6%). Among those, 9,1% were on starvation, which means severe insecurity. Food insecurity was statistically associated to sanitation, per capita income, and the number of household residents. Lack of money was the main self-reported cause to food insecurity. Conclusion The high prevalence of food insecurity being associated to indicators of great social vulnerability shows the role of social and economic inequities on the inadequate access to food amongst families in the semiarid zone on a nearly generalized low-income context. These findings corroborate to the evident need of expanding and reinforcing public policies, as well sustainable development models to prioritize and promote social inclusion of communities at greater vulnerabilities in the Brazilian semiarid area. Thus, the need of these economic and social public strategies is highlighted by the worsening of historical vulnerable conditions due to the cycles of droughts on this region.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os principais componentes dos sistemas alimentares de Brasil, Colômbia e Panamá. Revisão narrativa de literatura dos anos 2000 a 2022, ancorada no conceito de sistemas alimentares do Comitê de Segurança Alimentar Mundial. Nos três países, predomina um sistema de produção agroindustrial, monocultura, uso de agrotóxicos e exploração dos recursos naturais. A área ocupada por produtores familiares é reduzida. As redes multinacionais de supermercados dominam a distribuição dos alimentos, essencialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, apesar da crescente busca por modelos alternativos. Nota-se avanços na regulamentação da rotulagem de alimentos (Colômbia e Brasil) e na tributação de bebidas açucaradas (Panamá). Os sistemas alimentares predominantes nesses países geram importante e negativo impacto ambiental, favorecem o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, a elevada prevalência de obesidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e o aumento da fome, violando o direito humano à alimentação adequada.
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