ResumoA hemocromatose hereditária é uma doença genética relacionada a diversos distúrbios do metabolismo do ferro e uma das causas mais importantes da sobrecarga de ferro. Os avanços técnicos e cientíicos obtidos nas últimas décadas, principalmente com o desenvolvimento da biologia molecular, têm contribuído para o maior conhecimento do metabolismo do ferro e dos principais fatores relacionados à sua regulação, bem como dos distúrbios que podem resultar em déicit ou sobrecarga. A identiicação de alguns genes e suas mutações auxiliou no entendimento dos mecanismos regulatórios responsáveis pela manutenção da homeostase desse nutriente essencial para numerosos processos bioquímicos. Assim, esta revisão aborda aspectos relacionados ao ferro, seu metabolismo e as causas da sobrecarga, particularmente a desenvolvida pela hemocromatose hereditária. Ainda em relação a essa doença, apresenta-se diagnóstico, orientações sobre o tratamento e mutações mais frequentes.Palavras-chave: Diagnóstico molecular; Gene HFE; C282Y; H63D; Sobrecarga de ferro Abstract Genetic mutations, diagnostic methods, and therapies related to hereditary haemochromatosis.Hereditary haemochromatosis is a genetic disease related to various iron metabolism disorders and a major cause of iron overload. The technical and scientiic advances obtained over the last decades, particularly with the development of molecular biology, have contributed to greater knowledge on iron metabolism and the main factors related to its regulation, as well as the disorders that can result in deicit or overload. The identiication of some genes and their mutations has helped to understand the regulatory mechanisms responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of such an essential mineral for several biochemical processes. Thus, this review addresses aspects related to iron, its metabolism and the causes for overload, particularly that deriving from hereditary haemochromatosis. Also with regard to this disease, we present diagnosis, guidance on treatment, and most frequent mutations.
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