Anisakiasis in humans in South Korea has been considered to be caused exclusively by the larvae of Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Pseudoterranova decipiens. Recently, however, DNA sequencing of larvae from 15 of 16 anisakiasis patients confirmed the cause to be Anisakis pegreffii infection. Molecular analysis should be performed for all extracted larvae.

The freshwater fish nematodes in Thailand remain little known. Pearse (1933) was the first to describe two species of camallanids, Camallanus ophiocephali [= Neocamallanus ophiocephali (Pearse, 1933)] from Channa striata (Bloch) (later the same species was reported from "thai goby" in thailand by Moravec and scholz 1991), and Thelazo glossogobii [= Procamallanus glossogobii (Pearse, 1933)] from Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton). subsequent records of nematodes from thai freshwater fishes were rather scarce (e.g., Sirikanchana 1982, Kumchoo 2000, Purivirojkul 2009) and not identified to species. In her unpublished thesis, only Kumchoo (2000) reported four unidentified species of Rhabdochona railliet, 1916 (designated as Rhabdochona sp. and Rhabdochona sp. I-III), collected from nine species of fishes in the Maesa stream, Doi suthep-Pui National Park, chiang Mai Province.During recent investigations of some freshwater fishes in Fang and Muang Districts, northern thailand, nematodes referable to Rhabdochona were recovered from the intestine of Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes) (cyprinidae, cypriniformes) and Pseudomystus siamensis (regan) (Bagridae, siluriformes). A detailed study of these nematodes using the light and scanning electron microscopy has shown that they represent two new species with very different morphology. their descriptions are presented herein.Mystacoleucus marginatus (maximum size 20 cm) and Pseudomystus siamensis (maximum size 15 cm) are tropical freshwater fishes, both native in Thailand. The distribution of the former species includes the Mekong, chao Phraya and Meklong basins, and also the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, sumatra and Java, whereas the latter species occurs in the Meklong river and Peninsular and southeast thailand river systems (Froese and Pauly 2010). 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of science, chiang Mai University, thailand abstract: Two new species of rhabdochonid nematodes are described from the intestine of freshwater fishes in Chiang Mai Province, northern thailand: Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) pseudomysti sp. n. from the catfish Pseudomystus siamensis (regan) (Bagridae, Siluriformes) in the Fang Brook, a tributary of the Kok River (the Mekong River basin), Fang District and Rhabdochona (Globochona) thaiensis sp. n. from the cyprinid Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes) (cyprinidae, cypriniformes) in the Ping river (the chao Phraya river basin), Muang District. Rhabdochona pseudomysti is mainly characterized by simple, leaf-like oval deirids (a unique feature among Rhabdochona spp.), a prostom with 14 anterior teeth, the presence of basal prostomal teeth, the length ratio of the muscular and glandular portions of oesophagus (1:2.1-2.6), an unusually long left spicule (1.10-1.22 mm), length ratio of spicules (1:11.5-14.7), arrangement of genital papillae, and conspicuously elevated vulval lips. Rhabdochona thaiensis differs from other representatives of the subgenus Globochona Moravec, 1972 possessing caudal projections on the tail tip in that it has only 2 claw-shaped ...

Human taeniases had been not uncommon in the Republic of Korea (=Korea) until the 1980s. The prevalence decreased and a national survey in 2004 revealed no Taenia egg positive cases. However, a subsequent national survey in 2012 showed 0.04% (10 cases) prevalence of Taenia spp. eggs suggesting its resurgence in Korea. We recently encountered 4 cases of Taenia saginata infection who had symptoms of taeniasis that included discharge of proglottids. We obtained several proglottids from each case. Because the morphological features of T. saginata are almost indistinguishable from those of Taenia asiatica, molecular analyses using the PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) were performed to identify the species. The PCR-RFLP patterns of all of the 4 specimens were consistent with T. saginata, and the cox1 gene sequence showed 99.8-100% identity with that of T. saginata reported previously from Korea, Japan, China, and Cambodia. All of the 4 patients had the history of travel abroad but its relation with contracting taeniasis was unclear. Our findings may suggest resurgence of T. saginata infection among people in Korea.

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical observations, two new species of Cucullanus Müller, 1777 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) are described from the intestine of marine perciform fishes in the coastal region of the Gulf of Thailand, Thailand: Cucullanus rastrelligeri n. sp. from the short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker) (Scombridae) and Cucullanus thaiensis n. sp. from the brownstripe red snapper Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard) (Lutjanidae). The former species, C. rastrelligeri, is mainly characterised by an elongate pseudobuccal capsule, the presence of a ventral sucker, markedly short spicules (306-360 μm), a median papilla-like formation on the anterior anal lip and a distinctly elevated posterior anal lip, the location of the deirids and excretory pore, and by the distribution of genital papillae in the male. The latter species, C. thaiensis, is characterised by a broad pseudobuccal capsule, the presence of a ventral sucker and spicules 680 μm long. It is morphologically closest to C. pargi González-Solís, Tuz-Paredez & Quintal-Loria, 2007, but differs from it mainly in the distribution of the genital papillae in the male and apparently larger gravid females, and, whereas C. thaiensis occurs in the West Pacific (Gulf of Thailand), C. pargi was described from the West Atlantic (Caribbean Sea). C. rastrelligeri and C. thaiensis are the first nominal species of cucullanid nematodes reported from marine fishes in Thai waters. Indocucullanus thapari Gupta & Srivastava, 1984 is transferred to Cucullanus as C. thapari (Gupta & Srivastava, 1984) n. comb.

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations, 2 new morphologically similar species of the subgenus Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) (Nematoda: Camallanidae) possessing 2 caudal spikes are described from the intestine of marine perciform fishes from the Gulf of Thailand off the Thai coast, i.e., Procamallanus (S.) rigbyi n. sp. from Otolithes ruber (Bloch and Schneider) (Sciaenidae) and Procamallanus (S.) similis n. sp. from Sillago sihama (Forsskål) (Sillaginidae). The former species is mainly characterized by the presence of 13-14 spiral ridges in the buccal capsule, location of deirids at about mid-way between the buccal capsule and the nerve ring, and by the length of the right spicule (315-360 µm), whereas the latter is characterized by 10-12 spiral ridges, deirids situated at short distance posterior to the buccal capsule, and the right spicule 435-492 µm long. Because of their inadequate descriptions, most species of this subgenus reported from marine fishes of the Indo-Pacific region are considered species inquirendae. Spirocotyle Yasmin and Bilqees, 2007 is considered a junior synonym of Procamallanus Baylis, 1923. Since Procamallanus (S.) otolithi Ashraf, Farooq and Khanum, 1977 , P. (S.) otolithi (Gupta and Garg, 1986 ) and P. (S.) otolithi (Yasmin and Bilqees, 2007 ) are junior homonyms to P. (S.) otolithi Bilqees and Kazmi, 1974, they are renamed Procamallanus (S.) pakistanensis n. nom., Procamallanus (S.) problematicus n. nom., and Procamallanus (S.) incognitus n. nom., respectively (all species inquirendae). Procamallanus rigbyi and P. similis are the first nominal species of this genus reported from marine fishes off the coast of Thailand.