There is evidence that CGA can improve outcomes in people with hip fracture. There are not enough studies to determine when CGA is most effective in relation to surgical intervention or if CGA is effective in surgical patients presenting with conditions other than hip fracture.

Background Adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancies have been attributed to both biological immaturity and social determinants of health (SDOH). The present systematic review evaluated the evidence on the association between SDOH and adverse maternal and birth outcomes in adolescent mothers. Methods Comprehensive literature searches were conducted to identify observational studies evaluating the relationship between SDOH and adverse adolescent pregnancy outcomes. Study selection, risk of bias appraisal, and data extraction of study characteristics were independently performed by two reviewers. Pooled odds ratios (pOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to assess the association between SDOH and adverse birth outcomes. Results Thirty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently evaluated SDOH was race while the most commonly reported maternal and birth outcomes were caesarean section and preterm birth (PTB), respectively. The risk of bias of included studies was fair on the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses of retrospective cohort studies showed that, compared to White adolescent mothers, African American teens had increased odds of PTB (pOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.59, 1.75) and low birthweight (pOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.45, 1.62). Rural residence was consistently linked with PTB while low maternal socio‐economic (SES) and illiteracy were found to increase the risk of adolescent maternal mortality and LBW infants. Conclusion Social determinants of health contribute to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in adolescent mothers. African American race, rural residence, inadequate education, and low SES are markers for poor pregnancy outcomes in adolescent mothers. Further research needs to be done to understand the underlying causal pathways to inequalities in adolescent pregnancy outcomes.

Aim. To report a metasynthesis review of qualitative research studies exploring the hope experience of older persons with chronic illness. Background. Hope is a psychosocial resource used by persons to deal with their chronic illness experience. Data sources. A comprehensive search of multiple databases for studies of the hope experience (published 1980-2010) was completed. Inclusion criteria were included qualitative studies of the hope experience of persons (all genders; mean age 60 years and older), with chronic illnesses, and publications in any language and country. Review methods. The metasynthesis followed four procedural steps: (a) comprehensive search, (b) quality appraisal, (c) classification of studies, and (d) synthesis of findings.Results. Twenty studies were included in the metasynthesis representing research from a variety of different countries and populations with differing medical diagnoses. The characteristics of hope included: (a) dynamic or situational nature, (b) multiple co-existing types, (c) objects that were desirable realistic possibilities, (d) futurefocused, and (e) involvement of choice/will. Hope as 'transcending possibilities' represented the integration of two processes of transcendence and positive reappraisal. Reaching inwardly and outwardly and finding meaning and purpose were sub-processes of transcendence, whereas re-evaluating hope in light of illness and finding positive possibilities were sub-processes of positive reappraisal. Conclusions. The concept of hope may differ for older adults vs. younger adults in its interaction with suffering. Resources for hope are both internal and external. Finding meaning and positive reappraisal are important strategies to help older adults with chronic illness maintain their hope.

AimsThe objective of the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) chapter on Adult Conservative Management was to review and summarize the new evidence on conservative management of urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in order to compile a current reference source for clinicians, health researchers, and service planners. In this paper, we present the review highlights and new evidence on female conservative management. MethodsRevision and updates of the 4th ICI Report using systematic review covering years 2008-2012. ResultsEach section begins with a brief definition and description of the intervention followed by a summary, where possible, of both the state and level of evidence for prevention and treatment, and ends with a "grade of recommendation." The paper concludes with areas identified as requiring further research. ConclusionsFor UI, there are no prevention trials on lifestyle interventions. There are, however, few new intervention trials of lifestyle interventions involving weight loss and fluid intake with improved levels of evidence and grade of recommendation. Outside of pre-and post-natal pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) trials for the prevention of female UI, there is a dearth of PFMT prevention trials for women with UI. PFMT remains the first-line treatment for female UI with high levels of evidence and grades of recommendation. Bladder training levels of evidence and grades of recommendation are maintained. For POP, new evidence supports the effectiveness of physiotherapy in the treatment of POP and there are now improved levels of evidence and grades of recommendation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:15-20, 2016.

The findings provide a beginning understanding of the end-of-life experiences of Indigenous peoples and a foundation for future research. More interpretive qualitative research is critical if palliative care services, the healthcare system, and healthcare providers are to reduce current barriers to "preparing the spirit" for the journey at the end of life.