Directly conversion of CO2 to propanol using C2H4 and H2 had succeeded over Au/SiO2 catalyst in one reactor mode. However, application of new dual-reactor concept enhaned the catalytic activity strongly by using two saparated reactors. To this details, a first reactor is used to convert CO2 to CO through the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, consecutive hydroformylation of C2H4 with resulting CO and H2 to propanal and finally the hydrogenation of propanal to propanol takes place in a second reactor at a different temperature. The selectivity to oxo products (propanol and propanal) increased from 15% up to 60% while yeild of oxo products improved from 7% to 15% in comparison with the previous publications.

TiO2 thin films were synthesized by using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method on different substrates, such as glass, aluminium foil , and ceramic. The samples had been characterized by microscopy analysis, SEM, and EDS. The results show that TiO2 thin films were successfully fabricated and TiO2 nanocrystals with size of 50-100 nm loaded uniformly on surface of different substrates. The photocatalytic activities of all samples were investigated in photo-degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation and was followed by the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, showing that the conversion of methyl orange achieved the highest percentage of 91% with TiO2 thin film synthesized on the ceramic substrate over 270 minutes of reaction. The hypothetical mechanism explaining this observation is that the surface morphology of ceramic plays a major role in the augmentation of MO molecules adsorption onto the surface of material, thus, improves the dye degradation process.

CuMnOx spinel catalyst, prepared by the sol-gel method, and characterized by modern techniques such as XRD, BET, H2-TPR, EPR, were used to oxide toluene in the temperature range from 150oC to 400oC . Among,  the investigated catalysts as MnO2, CuO, and CuMnOx, the CuMnOx showed the highest catalytic activity. It converted 100% toluene to CO2 at 250oC in excessed oxygen conditions. The higher catalytic performance of CuMnOx than MnO2, CuO because of its higher specific surface area and its lower reduction temperature. The results also implied that the interaction between Cu and Mn could improve the reduction capacity of CuMnOx catalyst. In summary, the CuMnOx catalyst is a promising catalyst for toluene treatment.

Toluene is a component of volatile organic compounds which need to be converted into non-poisonous one. Thus, we study the spinel-typed catalyst as NiCo2O4 for total oxidation of toluene because the advantage of spinel catalyst is multi- defective. Based on the sol-gel method, the catalysts NiCo2O4 were successfully prepared with different ratios of Ni/Co. The characteristic properties of catalysts were evaluated by XRD, BET, H2-TPR and EPR experiments. Amongst these ratios, the catalyst with ratio Ni/Co as 0.5 had the best activity in the total oxidation of toluene, as 100% conversion reached at 250 oC.