The ontology based framework is developed for representing image domain. The textual features of images are extracted and annotated as the part of the ontology. The ontology is represented in Web Ontology Language (OWL) format which is based on Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS). Internally, the RDF statements represent an RDF graph which provides the way to represent the image data in a semantic manner. Various tools and languages are used to retrieve the semantically relevant textual data from ontology model. The SPARQL query language is more popular methods to retrieve the textual data stored in the ontology. The text or keyword based search is not adequate for retrieving images. The end users are not able to convey the visual features of an image in SPARQL query form. Moreover, the SPARQL query provides more accurate results by traversing through RDF graph. The relevant images cannot be retrieved by one to one mapping. So the relevancy can be provided by some kind of onto mapping. The relevancy is achieved by applying a decision tree algorithm. This study proposes methods to retrieve the images from ontology and compare the image retrieval performance by using SPARQL query language, decision tree algorithm and Lire which is an open source image search engine. The SPARQL query language is used to retrieving the semantically relevant images using keyword based annotation and the decision tree algorithms are used in retrieving the relevant images using visual features of an image. Lastly, the image retrieval efficiency is compared and graph is plotted to indicate the efficiency of the system.

Problem statement:A major drawback in the existing protocols in dealing with energy management issues is that the time varying nature of the wireless channels among the ad hoc nodes is ignored. Approach: This study proposed a channel adaptive energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, for efficient packets scheduling and queuing in an ad hoc network, with time varying characteristic of wireless channel taken into consideration. Every node in the proposed scheme estimates the channel and link quality for each contending flow based on which a weight value is calculated and propagated using the routing protocol. Since a wireless link with worse channel quality can result in more energy expenditure, the transmission was allowed only for those flows whose weight is greater than Channel Quality Threshold (CQT). For flows with weight less than CQT, the packets were buffered until the channel and link quality recovers or the weight becomes greater than CQT. To avoid buffer overflow and achieve fairness for the poor quality nodes, a fair scheduling and queuing algorithm is designed where in the CQT is adaptively adjusted on basis of the current incoming traffic load. Results: Simulation results showed that the proposed MAC protocol achieves substantial energy savings with better fairness and increased throughput. Conclusion: The designed protocol provided an efficient packets scheduling and queuing in an ad hoc network, with time varying characteristic of wireless channel taken into consideration.