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The Taylor rule is an important device to study the behavior of the central bank. Conventionally, the Taylor rule is constructed by optimizing a quadratic loss function with the constraint of a linear economic system. Accordingly, the response of interest rate is linear with respect to the sign of inflation gap and output gap. In practice, however, monetary authorities in emerging economies can depart from the linear-quadratic framework. The objective of this paper is to investigate the nonlinearity of the Taylor rule driven by either a nonlinear Phillips curve or an asymmetric preference. We use the generalized method of moments (GMM) method to investigate these asymmetries in twelve emerging economies targeting inflation. The empirical results show that deflation pressure caused by economic recessions has a stronger effect on the interest rate. Moreover, the recession avoidance preference is strong in emerging economies whereas the inflation avoidance preference only emerges in a few emerging economies such as Brazil, Colombia, Hungary, Philippines, and

Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ with NH3.H20, and then 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was coated on the magnetite nanoparticles by silanization reaction to achieve Fe3O4/APTES nanostructures. After modified by APTES, the nanostructures were activated by glutaraldehyde (GA) to obtain functional groups on the nanostructures surface. Human Serum Albumin (HSA) was immobilised on the Fe3O4/APTES and Fe3O4/APTES/GA nanostructures. The morphology and properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The HSA binding efficiency was estimated by the Bradford method.

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The ability to distinguish between neutrons and gamma-rays is important in the fast -neutron detection, especially when using the scintillation detector. A dual correlation pattern recognition (DCPR) method that was based on the correlation pattern recognition technique has been developed for classification of neutron/gamma events from a scintillation detector. In this study, an EJ-301 liquid scintillation (EJ301) detector was used to detect neutrons and gamma-rays from the 60Co and 252Cf sources; the EJ301 detector's pulses were digitized by a digital oscilloscope and its pulse-shape discriminant (PSD) parameters were calculated by the correlation pattern recognition(CPR) method with the reference neutron and gamma-ray pulses. The digital charge integration (DCI) method was also used as a reference-method for comparison with DCPR method. The figure-ofmerit (FOM) values which were calculated in the 50 ÷ 1100 keV electron equivalent (keVee) region showed that the DCPR method outperformed the DCI method. The FOMs of 50, 420 and 1000 keVee thresholds of DCPR method are 0.82 , 2.2 and 1.62, which are 1.55, 1.77, and 1.1 times greater than the DCI method, respectively.