One of the many features of three-dimensional printing (3DP) that contribute to its status as a cutting-edge technology is its positive impact on sustainability. Students in higher education can also use 3DP technologies to understand environmental, social, and economic issues. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how sustainability is integrated through 3DP in higher education, especially in developing countries. Thus, this research explored the teaching of sustainability through 3DP in five public engineering universities in Vietnam using field observations (75 students and five educators), followed by semi-structured interviews with ten students and five educators. The findings revealed that sustainability through 3DP was not taught as a separate unit in the participating institutions as they were not equipped with the necessary tools and software to educate students about sustainability through 3DP, the time spent teaching students about 3DP was limited, and most of the educators were not trained in implementing sustainability through 3DP in higher education. Despite these barriers, students were instructed on how to use 3DP materials economically and were taught which materials were beneficial for the environment. In cases of limited resources and funding, assisting students in assembling low-cost do-it-yourself 3D printers by utilizing open-source materials will maximize their learning outcomes. These findings may help higher education institutions teach sustainability through 3DP and motivate students to explore multidisciplinary knowledge in developing countries. This study also guides both higher education sectors and policymakers on taking the steps necessary for utilizing the benefits of 3DP in engineering education.

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Measurement strategies for testing fuel tank corrosion using the ultrasonic Phased Array technology, these have been developed by companies producing ultrasonic measuring instruments, are only applied when performing manual measurement. Therefore, the applying of these measurement strategies for self-propelled robot carrying ultrasonic transducers to automate the testing process have not met the demand. This article presents the results of a study to develop a measurement strategy for testing fuel tank corrosion based on the specification of the self-propelled robot, the ability to build a corrosion map from collected image data by robot. Experimental results show that, with the three proposed measurement strategies using robot, the measurement strategy for moving the robot from bottom to top up will have the shortest testing time, image data are next and data coupling to build a corrosion map is easy. In addition, the process of building a corrosion map can be automatically performed on the computer, making the assessment process more convenient, accurate and faster.

The paper shows an approach to determine the scanning plan (the shortest path) using the PSO algorithm based on the operating characteristics of the PA ultrasonic probe carryied robot, testing environment of fuel tanks and the requirements for collected ultrasonic images. The solution of the PSO problem has proposed an optimal scanning plan with shortest scanning time. Thescan plan has also been verifiedby robot movement on an area of 1000×1000 mm 2 .Experimental results showed that the simulation time is almost within 97% confidential limits of actual movement time. This means the PSO algorithm can be applied effectively into corrosion mapping for fuel tanks.