No abstract

Code smells refer to any symptom in the source code of a program that possibly indicates a deeper problem, hindering software maintenance and evolution. Detection of code smells is challenging for developers and their informal definition leads to the implementation of multiple detection techniques and tools. This paper evaluates and compares four code smell detection tools, namely inFusion, JDeodorant, PMD, and JSpIRIT. These tools were applied to different versions of the same software systems, namely MobileMedia and Health Watcher, to calculate the accuracy and agreement of code smell detection tools. We calculated the accuracy of each tool in the detection of three code smells: God Class, God Method, and Feature Envy. Agreement was calculated among tools and between pairs of tools. One of our main findings is that the evaluated tools present different levels of accuracy in different contexts. For MobileMedia, for instance, the average recall varies from 0 to 58% and the average precision from 0 to 100%, while for Health Watcher the variations are 0 to 100% and 0 to 85%, respectively. Regarding the agreement, we found that the overall agreement between tools varies from 83 to 98% among all tools and from 67 to 100% between pairs of tools. We also conducted a secondary study of the evolution of code smells in both target systems and found that, in general, code smells are present from the moment of creation of a class or method in 74.4% of the cases of MobileMedia and 87.5% of Health Watcher.

Background There is a high prevalence of shoulder injuries in volleyball and their preventive management is still a challenge. Isokinetic assessment is largely used in sports injury prevention. Few studies investigate the correlation between the isokinetic profi le and injuries story, furthermore these studies analyses the agonist/antagonist ratio and do not consider other parameters as fatigue.Objective to investigate the differences between injured and non injured dominant shoulder in the lateral/medial rotators ratio and fatigue index in volleyball male athletes. Setting all testing took place in the Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory-LAPREV in elite volleyball. Participants 42 athletes (mean+SD age, 21.3+4.1; height, 196.8+0.06 and body mass, 89.9+8.8) were evaluated in this study (28 at injured group). Participants with upper-extremity surgery in the previous 6 months and pain during the isokinetic test were excluded. Assessment of risk factor: agonist and antagonist ratio at 60°/s and 360°/s and index fatigue at 360°/s in 90° of abduction at dominant shoulder. Main outcome measurement trauma and overuse shoulder injuries story provided by questionnaire. ResultsThe results showed statistical differences between groups in lateral rotators (p=0.039) and medial rotators fatigue (p=0.024). The mean fatigue of lateral rotators in the injury group was 52.9 and 37.0 for non-injured group and 31.6 and 43.8 respectively for medial rotators. No differences were found in the ratio analysis between groups (p=0.403 for 60°/s and p=0.289 for 360°/s). The means were 71.6 and 67.4 for injured and non-injured groups at 60°/s and 56.9 and 63.9 respectively at 360°/s. Conclusion The results show that lateral rotators fatigue was greater in the injured group and no differences were found in the ratio parameters. The fatigue analysis must be incorporated in the athlete´s assessment, because seems to be more informative about injury risk.