Tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal farming and its impact on public health is a key priority for EFSA and other public health authorities in Europe. This study is a contribution to the joint effort by EFSA and EU member state authorities to address the issue. Focusing on the EU farming sector, it documents perceptions of the risks of AMR, associated behaviours, and the reasons and rationales behind them. Consumers, veterinarians and (pig and poultry) farmers in a sample of European countries were surveyed using a combination of methods (online survey, semi-structured interviews). The evidence gathered can inform communication strategies at national and EU level to increase awareness where these are designed to inform risk perception and change behaviours in relation to the use of antibiotics in animal farming and antibiotics' impact on human health. © ICF, 2017

This report presents the results from an exploratory study in 2016 on clear communication of scientific assessment results. It had a specific focus on the communication of scientific uncertainties in EFSA scientific opinions. Qualitative methods were applied to the design and communication of an opinion summary and uncertainty statements related to that opinion, and to collect evidence on how different stakeholder groups responded to them. The study tested the Clear Communication Index (CCI) tool, using it to elaborate a simplified opinion summary and then seeking stakeholder views on the latter. The study then focused on stakeholder views on uncertainty statements, and particularly on (i) whether and how the information was understood, (ii) how uncertainty information influenced risk perceptions and (iii) confidence in EFSA, and (iv) which uncertainty information was useful to stakeholders and how. The study as a whole involved the use of desk research, questionnaires, and focus groups. It engaged representatives of five stakeholder groups -political decision-makers, technical decision-makers, industry, NGOs, and the informed public. Findings indicate that the CCI tool/approach may be applicable to EFSA's communication materials and may help improve clarity of message. The study provided insights on uncertainty communication at EFSA and how it may be received, understood, and used by EFSA's audiences. Given the exploratory nature of the study, further research with larger samples of consultees is needed to assess the generalizability of those insights.